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標題: | 經過臭氧氧化及生物濾床處理程序後天然有機物組成轉變與消毒副產物生成之探討 CONVERSION OF NATRURAL ORGANIC MATTER CONSTITUTION AND FORMATION OF DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCT DURING OZONATION-BIOFILTRATION |
作者: | Hung-Shih Wei 魏宏時 |
指導教授: | 童心欣(Hsin-Hsin Tung) |
關鍵字: | 天然有機物,消毒副產物,溶解性有機氮,臭氧氧化程序,生物濾床, Natural organic matter,Disinfection by-product,Dissolved organic nitrogen,Ozonation,Biofiltration, |
出版年 : | 2011 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 環境中之自然水體含有許多天然有機物(Natural organic matter, NOM),其中富含多種性質和分子大小相異之化合物,並被認定為消毒副產物(Disinfection by-products, DBPs)之主要前驅物質。臭氧氧化結合生物濾床處理程序對於天然有機物之去除以及部份消毒副產物之控制皆有良好的效果,然而對於鹵乙晴(Haloacetonitrile, HAN)、鹵硝基甲烷(Trihalonitromethane, HNM)以及亞硝胺(Nitrosamines)等新興氮系消毒副產物之生成控制仍不清楚明瞭。因此本實驗之目的在於探討天然有機物組成結構、消毒副產物生成情形(尤其氮系消毒副產物)與溶解性有機氮於臭氧氧化及生物濾床過濾過程中之變化情形及其相互關係。金門太湖原水長年受到藻華影響並含有高濃度的溶解性有機碳(Dissolved organic carbon, DOC),將太湖原水以1 mg-O3/mg-DOC之臭氧劑量氧化及20分鐘之空床接觸時間之生物濾床過濾後,分別進行生物可降解性碳(Biodegradable dissolved organic carbon, BDOC)試驗、生物可同化性碳(Assimilable organic carbon, AOC)試驗、天然有機物之樹脂分離、溶解性有機氮(Dissolved organic nitrogen, DON)及消毒副產物生成潛勢(DBP formation potential, DBP FP)等數項分析。研究結果顯示,臭氧氧化確實提昇水中生物可降解性碳及生物可同化性碳含量,但後續生物濾床的去除效果不如預期。整體程序可大幅減少39%的溶解性有機氮,對於溶解性有機碳的去除效果則不明顯(10%)。臭氧氧化雖然能將疏水性天然有機物轉化為親水性天然有機物,然而後續生物濾床僅能些微去除親水性有機物。在添加自由餘氯之消毒副產物生成潛勢試驗中,原水經過臭氧氧化後,Trichloronitromethane(TCNM)生成潛勢提昇了7.3倍且後續生物濾床並無明顯去除效果;在添加氯胺試驗中,經過臭氧氧化及生物濾床過濾後,非但無法減少TCNM生成,亦會提昇N-nitrosodimethylamine(NDMA)的生成。總結來說,臭氧氧化結合生物濾床處理程序可控制三鹵甲烷與鹵乙酸濃度,卻無法有效控制新興氮系消毒副產物之生成。 Natural organic matter (NOM) is a complex mixture of organic materials presented in natural water and is regarded as the main precursor of disinfection by-products (DBPs). To reduce DBP formation in drinking water, biofiltration coupled with pre-ozonation was proposed to be a treatment process for NOM removal and DBP control. However, the effects of ozonation-biofiltration on the formation of other emerging nitrogenous DBPs, such as haloacetonitrile (HAN), trihalonitromethane (HNM) and nitrosamines were poorly understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between the change of NOM constitution, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) concentration and the effectiveness of nitrogenous DBP reduction during ozonation-biofiltration process. One surface water source with high organic content (DOC~8.9 mg/l) and frequent algae bloom was investigated in this study. The raw water was ozonated with 1 mg O3/mg DOC and pass through a biofilter with 20 min empty bed contact time (EBCT). Biodegradable dissolved organic carbon (BDOC) tests, assimilable organic carbon (AOC) tests and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) mesurements were applied to investigate the change of NOM property during ozonation-biofiltration. Resin fractionation was used to analyze the NOM constitution alternation in each process. DBP formation potential (FP) tests were conducted to access the overall performance of DBP precursor removal. The results show that both BDOC and AOC increased after ozonation. Biofiltration did not remove BDOC and AOC as expected. Although ozonation/biofiltration altered NOM constitution considerably and decreased 39% DON, less than 15% of DOC was removed by the process. Ozonation effectively reduced the NOM hydrophobic acid fraction. In chlorination DBPFP tests, trichloronitromethane (TCNM) increased 7.3 times for waters treated with ozone compare to raw water. And, the subsequent biofiltration did not remove TCNM. In chloramination DBPFP tests, no TCNM reduction was observed and N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA).. formation increased after ozonation and biofiltration.. In conclusion, ozonation-biofiltration might increase the risk of nitrogenous DBPs formation, although it shows a slightly capability on THM and HAA control. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/9998 |
全文授權: | 同意授權(全球公開) |
顯示於系所單位: | 環境工程學研究所 |
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