臺灣與澳洲幼兒園性不當對待防制與教保服務人員規範之比較研究

Abstract

近年臺灣接連發生的幼兒園兒童性不當對待事件，突顯教保服務人員任用監督與兒童保護制度之缺口。本研究以聯合國《兒童權利公約》第19條「兒童免遭一切形式暴力侵害之權利」為核心概念，回應兒童於免於不當對待之權利保障需求，並聚焦於非家庭照顧場域之幼兒園。 本研究採用瑞士乳酪模型之風險預防架構，透過系統性政策回顧與比較研究法，分析臺灣與澳洲維多利亞州在防制幼兒園性不當對待之法規制度與教保服務人員規範設計。 研究結果顯示，維多利亞州自回應「皇家調查委員會」建議後，透過修訂《Child Wellbeing and Safety Act 2005》，並推動具法律效力之「Child Safe Standards」，強化州層級兒童保護制度。該標準由具獨立監督權限之「兒童與青少年委員會」（CCYP）負責，針對學前教育等高風險機構實施自評審查、外部稽核與通報調查，以確保制度有效落實。相較之下，臺灣雖已訂定《兒童及少年福利與權益保障法》、《幼兒教育及照顧法》等相關法規，然法源分散、權責分立，欠缺統籌與監督之專責機關，亦未建立有效之背景查核與跨部門資料共享制度，導致教保人員任用監督效能有限。此外，現行教保服務人員職前與在職訓練缺乏針對性不當對待議題之系統性與強制性規範，造成第一線人員於預防、辨識與應對實務上面臨知能不足與支持機制薄弱的挑戰。 鑑此，本研究提出三項政策建議：一、應修法明定整合性背景查核機制，建置跨部會資料平台與標準化程序，以補強教保服務人員任用前之防線；二、應明確規範教保服務人員性不當對待相關訓練內容與時數，強化其職前與在職之專業識能；三、建議將幼兒園納入《性別平等教育法》學校範疇，使其得以適用性別事件通報、調查及人員管理等制度化機制。考量多數幼兒園人力有限，應由中央規劃跨園聯合委員會，或指定地方政府／第三單位支援執行，以補足制度落差，並落實《兒童權利公約》所強調之兒童最佳利益原則，全面強化學前教育場域的兒童保護效能。

Recent incidents of child sexual maltreatment in Taiwanese preschools have revealed systemic deficiencies in educator supervision and child protection mechanisms. Grounded in Article 19 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), this study utilizes a systematic policy review and a comparative method, incorporating the Swiss Cheese Model as a multi-layered defense framework to critically examine the laws and regulations designed to prevent sexual maltreatment in preschools in Taiwan and Victoria, Australia. The findings indicate that Victoria effectively strengthened its child protection system following the Royal Commission’s recommendations by amending the Child Wellbeing and Safety Act 2005 and introducing legally enforceable “Child Safe Standards”, which are supervised by the independent Commission for Children and Young People (CCYP). These standards require child-related institutions to conduct internal reviews, undergo external audits, and establish proactive reporting mechanisms, thereby ensuring institutional accountability. In contrast, Taiwan’s regulatory framework remains fragmented due to the absence of a centralized supervisory authority, standardized background checks, and comprehensive inter-agency data sharing systems. Additionally, Taiwanese early childhood educators receive insufficient systematic training in maltreatment prevention, which weakens the overall effectiveness of the child protection framework. Employing a multi-layered defensive perspective, this study identifies critical regulatory gaps and proposes three primary recommendations: (1) establish an integrated educator background check system with standardized procedures; (2) mandate systematic and comprehensive maltreatment prevention training for educators; (3) incorporate preschools into the scope of the Gender Equity Education Act, thereby enabling the implementation of institutionalized mechanisms for gender-related incident reporting, investigation, and personnel management. In light of the limited administrative capacity of most preschools, it is recommended that joint committees or designated local or third-party agencies be tasked with supporting implementation. Collectively, these recommendations aim to strengthen Taiwan’s child protection system, aligning with the best interests of the child as outlined in the CRC.