建築工地之噪音危害與防治可行性評估

Abstract

本研究旨在探討建築工地施工期間所產生之噪音污染對健康與環境的影響，並評估隔音防治措施的可行性與實務效益。隨著都市化與工業化進程加速，施工噪音已成為都市居民與工地工作者面臨的重要健康威脅，尤其在高密度居住區域更為顯著。儘管現行噪音管制政策已涵蓋公共空間與生活環境，對於施工階段之噪音暴露特性與防治技術仍缺乏具體且系統性的實證研究。 研究透過文獻回顧、現場量測與模擬實驗，分析五種常見施工設備之噪音分貝值與頻率特性，並比較三種不同隔音配置條件下的聲音衰減效果。在小型模擬實驗中，於室外開放空間搭設施工架框架作為隔音屏障組裝系統，條件三（四周與頂部包覆）平均可達13至22 dB(A)的聲壓級衰減；在實地建築裝修案場中，室內環境中採用簡易勾掛系統，針對門窗開口處安裝隔音屏障，使室外噪音由103.95 dB(A)降至80.92 dB(A)，最大衰減已達46.43 dB(A)。雖未完全符合《噪音管制標準》中第三類管制區日間限值72 dB(A)，但已展現良好抑制效果，具備高度的實務應用潛力。 研究亦指出，現有隔音屏障對於室內噪音控制仍有限，施工人員仍需搭配個人防護裝備與低噪音工具使用，以降低暴露風險。此外，研究建議未來應強化智慧監測系統、優化隔音材料設計，並將噪音防治納入施工管理政策與都市健康規劃，以提升施工品質與環境友善度。

This study aims to investigate the impact of noise pollution generated during construction activities on human health and the surrounding environment, and to evaluate the feasibility and practical effectiveness of noise control measures. With the rapid advancement of urbanization and industrialization, construction noise has become a significant health threat to both urban residents and construction workers, particularly in high-density residential areas. Although current noise control policies cover public and residential environments, there remains a lack of concrete and systematic empirical research on noise exposure and mitigation strategies during construction phases. Through literature review, on-site measurements, and simulation experiments, this study analyzes the decibel levels and frequency characteristics of five common construction equipment types, and compares the sound attenuation effects under three different noise control configurations. In the small-scale simulation experiment, a scaffold frame was assembled in an outdoor open space to serve as a noise barrier system. Under Condition 3 (enclosure with full side and top coverage), an average sound pressure level reduction of 13 to 22 dB(A) was achieved. In the real-world renovation site, a simple hook-mounted system was used to install noise barriers at window and door openings, reducing outdoor noise from 103.95 dB(A) to 80.92 dB(A), with a maximum attenuation of 46.43 dB(A). Although these results did not fully meet the regulatory daytime limit of 72 dB(A) for Category 3 control zones under Taiwan’s Noise Control Standards, the barriers demonstrated strong noise suppression performance and practical applicability. The study also found that current noise barriers are limited in controlling indoor noise levels, indicating the continued need for personal protective equipment and low-noise tools for construction workers. Furthermore, the study recommends enhancing smart monitoring systems, optimizing barrier material design, and integrating noise control into construction management policies and urban health planning to improve construction quality and environmental sustainability.