論《傳習錄》中的戒慎恐懼—恐懼情感作為道德情感

Abstract

在常態的情感詞彙中，恐懼此一情感詞彙被廣泛應用於生活。是故我們對恐懼此一情感有這非常具體的熟悉認識。但是當我們將此一情感代入儒家常提倡的戒慎恐懼中，會發現這樣的情感似乎與小人常戚戚的情感表現十分近似。但兩者為極端對立的角色。 故本文會先釐清恐懼一情感是如何呈現於我們的生活中，以及我們常態語言脈絡下的恐懼是包含有多種情感的。利用西方學界對於恐懼情感的認識，做一對恐懼情感的解構，這裡採用對情感詞的解構去呈現出多樣細微不同的恐懼情感。再利用對戒慎恐懼有一大量敘述的《傳習錄》，作為對戒慎恐懼認識的代表作為溝通橋樑，統合東西兩方對於恐懼一情感的認識，分別出戒慎恐懼一情感與常態語言脈絡下的恐懼本就不與為一同樣的情感展現，以釐清在我們認識中的小人與君子的恐懼情感，一為擔心身體受害的，一為擔心其道德主體受到侵害，兩者是不為相通的。本文旨在於利用西方對於恐懼一情感有多樣詞彙表達的特點作為切入點，對於本文使用的恐懼與戒慎恐懼的例子作為展開基礎，更為清楚的去掌握兩者細緻的不同。

Fear, a commonly used emotional term, is familiar to us in our daily lives. However, when we apply this emotion to the Confucian advocated caution and fear, we find that this emotion seems very similar to the expression of petty people. But the two are extremely opposite roles. Therefore, this article will first clarify how fear as an emotion manifests in our lives, and how fear in our normal linguistic context includes many emotions. Using the Western academic understanding of the emotion of fear, deconstructing fear into various subtle and different emotions using the deconstruction of emotional words. Then, using the " Instructions for Practical Living andOther Neo-Confucian Writings " which has a large amount of descriptions of caution and fear, as a communication bridge, integrating the understandings of fear from both the East and the West, and distinguishing between the emotion of caution and fear and the fear expressed in the normal linguistic context. This aims to clarify the fear emotions of petty people and gentlemen in our understanding, where one fears for their physical harm while the other fears the violation of their moral subject. The two are not comparable. This article aims to use the characteristic of the Western expression of fear with diverse vocabulary as a starting point, based on the examples of fear and cautious fear used in this article, to more clearly grasp the subtle differences between the two.