建築淨零用水之系統動態模型建構與案例實證研究

Abstract

在永續發展的趨勢下，水資源被重新定義為建築營運系統中需主動管理的核心要素。多項國際倡議與標準如CDP水安全問卷、ISO 14046水足跡、國際永續水管理標準AWS與Living Building Challenge皆強調企業與場域需識別水相關風險、強化治理並實踐水資源自給與循環。作為企業用水管理的基本單元，建築不僅是資源的使用者，更應被納入自然水循環的系統中。淨零水建築(Net-Zero Water Building, NZWB)正是在此思維下提出，其目標為最小化總用水量、最大化替代水源使用、最小化廢水排放並將水體回歸原水源，追求營運期間對外部水體的依賴最小化。然現行建築用水評估方式多採靜態推估與設備效率概念為主，無法描繪多水源系統的互動邏輯、儲存調配、處理延遲與使用時序變異等關鍵環節，限制其於淨零水策略設計與管理上的應用潛力。 本研究提出一套具指南性質的建築用水動態系統模型建構架構，透過四個步驟進行系統化建構流程：定義模型目標與邊界、建立模組間之框架與互動邏輯、依功能拆解建構水源、儲水、用水、水處理再利用與排出、回歸水等五大模組，並設計淨零水評估指標作為績效量化依據。於模組層級，明確定義各模組之單元角色、輸入輸出變數、調度邏輯與參數設置方式，建構高度模組化且可擴充之模型架構。為驗證模型之可行性與應用潛力，本研究以臺灣北部某高科技廠區為案例，導入實際用水數據進行每日模擬，並透過敏感度分析辨識具關鍵影響力之參數。同時，依據四大策略方向(設備水回收再利用效率、節約用水、外部替代水源、回歸水)設計共39組策略組合，分析其對水資源收支與淨零水表現之影響。本研究所建構之模型與策略分析機制，提供一套系統化比較多元淨零水實施路徑的方法，能協助決策者規劃更具彈性與前瞻性的水資源管理策略。

Water has been redefined as a core element of building operation systems under the growing emphasis on sustainability. Global frameworks such as the CDP Water Questionnaire, ISO 14046, AWS Standard, and the Living Building Challenge urge organizations to manage water-related risks, strengthen governance, and pursue self-sufficiency and circularity. As the fundamental unit of corporate water use, buildings should no longer be regarded solely as consumers of resources, but rather as integral components of the natural water cycle. The concept of Net-Zero Water Buildings (NZWB) has emerged under this paradigm, aiming to minimize total water consumption, maximize the use of alternative water sources, and reduce wastewater discharge while returning water to its original source. However, existing building water assessment methods are predominantly static and equipment-centric, limiting their capacity to capture the complexities of real-world operations, including multi-source interactions, storage regulation, treatment delays, and temporal variations in demand. These limitations restrict their applicability in designing and managing net-zero water strategies. To address this gap, this study develops a guideline-oriented framework for constructing a dynamic system model of water management in building contexts. The model is established through four methodological steps: (1) defining the modeling objectives and boundaries, (2) structuring the model framework through module identification and flow interconnections, (3) developing five core modules—Water Source, Water Storage, Water Demand, Treatment/Reuse/Outflow, and Return Water, and (4) constructing a Net Zero Water Achievement Index (NZWAI) as a system-level performance indicator. Each module explicitly defines unit functions, input/output variables, dispatching logic, and parameter configurations to ensure modularity and extensibility. To validate the feasibility and applicability of the model, a case study of a high-tech industrial park in northern Taiwan was conducted using daily water data simulation. Sensitivity analysis was employed to identify key influencing parameters. In addition, 39 strategy combinations were developed under four main strategic directions: improving equipment-level reuse efficiency, reducing water demand, utilizing external alternative water sources, and increasing return water. The model and its strategy analysis mechanism offer a systematic approach to comparing diverse NZWB implementation pathways, supporting more flexible and forward-looking water resource planning and decision-making.