某精神醫療機構員工對精神病患態度初探

Abstract

本研究目的在於瞭解精神醫療機構員工對精神病患之態度及相關影響因子。受限於時間、人力及經費之因素，採立意取樣，以某精神醫療機構全體員工做為研究對象，使用自填問卷的方式收集資料。問卷內容包含「社會距離」、「接受度」、「復健及預後」、「介入方式」等四個面向，採五分制，1分為非常不同意，5分為非常同意。 研究結果發現：一、精神醫療機構員工對精神病患態度在四個面向中之平均分數皆高於3分，顯示其態度趨於正向，分數由低至高依次為「社會距離」、「接受度」、「介入方式」、「復健及預後」。二、教育程度為大學以上者，對於「接受度」、「復健及預後」之態度較高中以下者正向。三、精神科專業人員在「社會距離」、「接受度」兩面向之態度較其他工作人員正向。四、曾接觸病患類型愈多者，在「社會距離」、「接受度」、「復健及預後」之態度愈正向。五、曾修習相關課程或訓練者，其在「社會距離」、「接受度」態度較正向。六、自覺烙印程度和對精神病患態度呈現負相關，自覺烙印程度愈大，對精神病患態度愈負向。七、自覺烙印程度及曾接觸之精神病患類型兩變項為預測對精神病患態度之顯著因子。 本研究之結果可供相關單位參考，藉以研擬適合精神醫療機構員工之教育內容，並提供相互討論與諮詢的管道；此外，應適時提供員工調動至各單位的機會，增加所接觸精神病患之類型，以改善員工對精神病患之態度。

The purpose of this study was to explore the attitudes toward people with mental illness in the psychiatric hospital personnel and the factors influencing their attitudes. Limited to time, manpower and fund, the subjects only came from total personnel of one psychiatric hospital in East Taiwan (Hualien). We used a self-report questionnaire to collect information. The content of the questionnaire included social distance, acceptance, rehabilitation & prognosis, and intervention. All items were rated as likert type on a five-point scale ranging from 1 (definite disagreeable) to 5 (definite agreeable). The major findings were: (1) The mean scores of the four dimensions were higher than 3. It meant the attitudes toward people with mental illness in the psychiatric hospital personnel tended to be positive. The scores from low to high of the four dimensions were social distance, acceptance, intervention, and rehabilitation & prognosis. (2) The education level of the personnel could influence their attitudes about people with mental illness. (3) The attitudes of psychiatric professionals were more positive than others. (4) The more people with different types of mental illness the personnel had contacted, the more positive attitudes they had. (5) The attitudes of the personnel who had attended related courses were more positive. (6) The more self-stigmatized they were, the more negative attitudes toward people with mental illness they had. (7) Self-stigmatized and the people with different types of mental illness the personnel had contacted were two important predictive variables for the attitudes toward people with mental illness. The results of the study could be provided for the government to plan appropriate trainings for the psychiatric hospital personnel. In addition, the hospital should give opportunities of job rotations as well as consultation regarding to mental illness. In these ways, the attitudes of the personnel toward people with mental illness could be improved.