臺灣偏鄉交通跨域治理中的數位科技實踐：以臺東TTGO個案為例

Abstract

隨著台灣於2025年邁入超高齡社會，高齡與弱勢族群的移動需求將更形迫切，本研究以「台灣偏鄉交通跨域治理中的數位科技實踐：以台東 TTGO 個案為例」為題，探討數位科技如何在偏鄉交通治理中發揮驅動效能，並分析公私協力、跨域治理、偏鄉交通與數位轉型等面向在治理實務上的交織互動與挑戰。研究動機源於台灣偏鄉地區長期面對交通資源不足、公共運輸不均與服務可及性低落的結構性困境。如何以數位科技輔助交通治理、實現城鄉平權與交通人權，是本研究欲深入探討的核心問題。 本研究首先回顧近十年偏鄉交通政策的轉型脈絡，指出政策重心已逐步從早期「供給導向」轉向重視「需求反應」與居民使用經驗的多元運輸服務模式。TTGO 平台作為台東縣政府在花東地震後導入的智慧交通媒合系統，更進一部從需求面項為核心，結合幸福巴士、計程車、社區接駁等多元運具，導入行控中心、即時調度、數據記錄、後台審核等數位科技，強化派遣效能與資源整合，並串聯長照接送、醫療服務、觀光需求等多重功能，成為台灣第一個跨運具、跨鄉鎮、跨服務的成功模式。 研究結果顯示，TTGO 成功讓服務「到得了」，也讓居民「出得來」，除了日常可及性之外，長者能穩定就醫，車輛也能充當臨時急救或物資運輸車，滿足即時需求，同時「一車多用」將資源效益最大化，提升行程、時間、成本效率。該模式成效關鍵在於公私協力模式突破傳統委託思維，除了透過數位科技工具在調度管理、財務透明與數據決策等層面發揮關鍵作用，更重要的是透過長期累積信任，讓地方業、社區、司機皆能參與治理；並跨域治理促成中央、地方、私部門與社區橫向協作；惟從實務案例可見，隨著數位基礎建設的普及，數位科技已成偏鄉交通治理不可或缺的工具，但政府與地方需同步推動數位普及與數位素養，確保科技進步能達城鄉平權，數位治理模式的設計不能停留於技術追求，必須重視人本導向，將數位科技視為服務人的輔助工具。 在城鄉差距與超高齡社會時代，移動是人權，卻不是每個人都實際享有這樣的權利，如何讓每一位高齡者、弱勢族群都能獲得基本移動保障，是未來政策必須正面回應的課題；於此同時，移動需求已不只是交通議題，更是社會公平與基本權利的象徵，呼籲政府重新檢視移動正義的基本價值，透過交通，政府、企業、非營利組織和在的社群，可以形成強大的合作網絡，串聯偏鄉醫療、長照、物資、觀光、產業等各項生活所需之支持系統。 本研究之貢獻在於以 TTGO 為案例針對公私協力、跨域治理、偏鄉交通與數位轉型四大面向進行整合性實證探討之首例研究，呈現數位科技如何在地方治理中發揮支持功能，並揭示各層級政府如何透過數位治理與制度創新回應偏鄉多元需求。填補過往相關文獻中對數位治理實務化經驗缺乏整合分析的不足，並提供可作為台灣超高齡時代偏鄉各領域數位治理的政策設計與比較研究之參考。 研究建議未來偏鄉交通政策應優先建立具城鄉平權導向的財政支持與永續資源機制，補助設計應跳脫單純以運量、票價或單位成本為基準，更多納入地理不便、醫療資源不足等結構性因素，實現偏鄉交通人權保障。同時簡化補助核銷程序、加速撥付，鼓勵企業ESG公益支持，推動PPP公私協力合作，創造可以在產業競爭與社會平等間尋求平衡的商業模式，或引入社會效益債券等創新財源，促進永續資源投入。治理面則應強化地方政府主責角色，推動「一縣一平台」，並重新設計中央與地方各層級績效指標，真實反映居民使用經驗與交通公平性。最後，建議中央與地方將 TTGO 模式模組化、國際化，成為各國高齡化與偏遠地區交通治理之示範典範。

This study, titled “Digital Technology in across boundary governance of Rural Transportation in Taiwan: A Case Study of Taitung TTGO”, explores how digital technology serves as a driving force in rural transportation governance, analyzing how public-private partnership, across boundary governance, rural transportation, and digital transformation interact and intersect in practical governance. The research motivation stems from Taiwan’s rural areas facing long-standing structural challenges, including insufficient transportation resources, uneven distribution of public transportation services, limited accessibility. With Taiwan set to enter a super-aged society in 2025, the mobility needs of the elderly and disadvantaged populations are becoming increasingly urgent. The study seeks to address a core question: how can digital technology support transportation governance in achieving urban-rural equity and safeguarding mobility as a basic human right? This research first reviews the transformation of rural transportation policy over the past decade, It identifies a shift from early “supply-oriented” models—focused on infrastructure and coverage—towards “demand-responsive” approaches emphasizing diverse mobility services and user experience. The TTGO platform, introduced by the Taitung County Government after the Hualien-Taitung earthquake, serves as an intelligent transportation coordination system. It successfully integrates various transport modes—including Happiness Bus, taxis, and community shuttles—and adopts digital technologies such as command centers, real-time dispatch, data recording, and back-end auditing to enhance dispatch efficiency and resource integration. It also links to long-term care transportation, medical services, and tourism functions. The study finds that TTGO’s success lies in its public-private partnership model, It enables local operators, community organizations, and drivers to actively participate in governance.Across boundary governance facilitates horizontal collaboration among central and local governments, private sectors, and communities, while digital technology enhances management efficiency, financial transparency, and data-driven decision-making, bringing new momentum to rural transportation governance. The study emphasizes that as digital infrastructure becomes more widespread, digital technology has become an indispensable tool in rural transportation governance. It plays a critical role in dispatch management, financial transparency, and data-supported policymaking, and serves as a valuable reference for future digital policy design. It also reminds governments at all levels to promote digital inclusion and literacy in parallel, ensuring that technological advancement does not become a new source of social exclusion. In the context of widening urban-rural disparities and an aging society, mobility must be recognized as a fundamental right—not a privilege. Mobility demand is no longer merely a transportation issue, Beyond a logistical concern, mobility now represents a broader issue of social equity and human dignity. How to ensure that every elderly person and vulnerable group has access to basic mobility is a challenge that future policies must directly address. The study calls on governments to reexamine the fundamental value of transportation justice and strengthen urban-rural equality by making transportation the backbone of rural support systems that connect essential services for daily life. The contribution of this study lies in being the first integrated empirical research using TTGO as a case to examine public-private partnership, cross-domain governance, rural transportation, and digital transformation. It demonstrates how digital technology supports local governance and reveals how different levels of government respond to diverse rural needs through digital governance and institutional innovation. The study fills gaps in existing literature where integrated analyses of practical digital governance experience have been lacking, and provides valuable references for digital governance policy design and comparative studies in rural transportation, long-term care, medical services, shuttle services, and local tourism in Taiwan’s aging era. This study recommends that future rural transportation policies prioritize establishing a fiscal support and sustainable resource mechanism guided by urban-rural equity principles. Subsidy design should move beyond reliance on ridership, fare levels, or unit costs, and instead incorporate structural factors such as geographic disadvantage and lack of medical resources to ensure the protection of mobility as a human right in rural areas. At the same time, streamline subsidy reimbursement procedures, accelerate fund disbursement, and encourage investment from businesses and the public, or introduce innovative funding mechanisms such as social impact bonds to promote sustainable resource input. In terms of governance, local governments should be strengthened as primary coordinators, promoting a “one county, one platform” model. Performance indicators at both central and local levels should be redesigned, shifting from spatial coverage to time coverage, demand responsiveness, and service accessibility to truly reflect user experience and transportation equity. Finally, the study recommends modularizing and internationalizing the TTGO model, positioning Taiwan as a model for transportation governance in aging and remote regions worldwide.