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完整後設資料紀錄
DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
---|---|---|
dc.contributor.advisor | 王根樹 | |
dc.contributor.author | Yong Ting Huang | en |
dc.contributor.author | 黃永定 | zh_TW |
dc.date.accessioned | 2021-05-20T20:50:14Z | - |
dc.date.available | 2008-08-13 | |
dc.date.available | 2021-05-20T20:50:14Z | - |
dc.date.copyright | 2008-08-13 | |
dc.date.issued | 2008 | |
dc.date.submitted | 2008-06-12 | |
dc.identifier.citation | 1. Bull, R.J., et al., Water chlorination: Essential process or cancer hazard? Fundamental and Applied Toxicology, 1995. 28(2): p. 155-166.
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Eighmy, T.T., et al., Microbial-Populations, Activities and Carbon Metabolism in Slow Sand Filters. Water Research, 1992. 26(10): p. 1319-1328. 10. Wang, J.Z., R.S. Summers, and R.J. Miltner, Biofiltration Performance .1. Relationship to Biomass. Journal American Water Works Association, 1995. 87(12): p. 55-63. 11. Moll, D.M., R.S. Summers, and A. Breen, Microbial characterization of biological filters used for drinking water treatment. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1998. 64(7): p. 2755-2759. 12. Bahgat, M., A. Dewedar, and A. Zayed, Sand-filters used for wastewater treatment: Buildup and distribution of microorganisms. Water Research, 1999. 33(8): p. 1949-1955. 13. Sabbah, I., et al., Intermittent sand filtration for wastewater treatment in rural areas of the Middle East - a pilot study. Water Science and Technology, 2003. 48(11-12): p. 147-152. 14. McMeen, C.R. and M.M. Benjamin, NOM removal by slow sand filtration through iron oxide-coated olivine. Journal American Water Works Association, 1997. 89(2): p. 57-71. 15. WeberShirk, M.L. and R.I. Dick, Biological mechanisms in slow sand filters. Journal American Water Works Association, 1997. 89(2): p. 72-83. 16. WeberShirk, M.L. and R.I. Dick, Physical-chemical mechanisms in slow sand filters. Journal American Water Works Association, 1997. 89(1): p. 87-100. 17. Rooklidge, S.J., E.R. Burns, and J.P. Bolte, Modeling antimicrobial contaminant removal in slow sand filtration. Water Research, 2005. 39(2-3): p. 331-339. 18. Tseng, I.C., et al. The community structure of ammonia oxidizers in Nanjen lake ofNanjenshan forest ecosystem. in The Fifth International Symposiumon Environmental Biotechnology, Kyoto, Japan. 2000. 19. Palmgren, U., et al., Collection of Airborne Microorganisms on Nuclepore Filters, Estimation and Analysis - Camnea Method. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, 1986. 61(5): p. 401-406. 20. Robertson , B.R., and Button, D.K., Characterizing Aquatic Bacteria According to Population, Cell Size, and Apparent DNA Content by Flow Cytometry. Cytometry, 1989. 10: p. 70 - 76. 21. 江婉嘉, 應用螢光染色法以螢光顯微鏡與流式細胞儀評估醫院污水處理廠水中微生物特性. 國立台灣大學公共衛生學院環境衛生研究所碩士論文, 2004. 22. Hobbie, J.E., R.J. Daley, and S. Jasper, Use of Nuclepore Filters for Counting Bacteria by Fluorescence Microscopy. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1977. 33(5): p. 1225-1228. 23. Porter, K.G. and Y.S. Feig, The Use of Dapi for Identifying and Counting Aquatic Microflora. Limnology and Oceanography, 1980. 25(5): p. 943-948. 24. Allan, R.A. and J.J. Miller, Influence of S-Adenosylmethionine on Dapi-Induced Fluorescence of Polyphosphate in the Yeast Vacuole. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 1980. 26(8): p. 912-920. 25. Yu, W., et al., Optimal Staining and Sample Storage Time for Direct Microscopic Enumeration of Total and Active Bacteria in Soil with 2 Fluorescent Dyes. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 1995. 61(9): p. 3367-3372. 26. Boulos, L., et al., LIVE/DEAD (R) BacLight (TM): Application of a new rapid staining method for direct enumeration of viable and total bacteria in drinking water. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 1999. 37(1): p. 77-86. 27. Kepner, R.L. and J.R. Pratt, Use of Fluorochromes for Direct Enumeration of Total Bacteria in Environmental-Samples - Past and Present. Microbiological Reviews, 1994. 58(4): p. 603-615. 28. Hernandez, M., et al., A combined fluorochrome method for quantitation of metabolically active and inactive airborne bacteria. Aerosol Science and Technology, 1999. 30(2): p. 145-160. 29. EPA, U.S., U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.Fed.Regist. 1998. 63: p. 241. 30. Urbansky, E.T., The fate of the haloacetates in drinking water - Chemical kinetics in aqueous solution. Chemical Reviews, 2001. 101(11): p. 3233-3243. 31. J.J., R., Formation of haloforms during chlorination of natural waters. . Journal Water Treatment and Examination., 1974. 23: p. 234-243. 32. Sawyer, C.N. and P.L. McCarty, 環境化學工程(下冊)第四版,. 4 ed. 1999, 台北市: 希爾國際股份有限公司. 635-637. 33. Slater JH, L.D., Weightman AJ, Senior E, Butt AT., The growth of Pseudomonas putida on chlorinated aliphatic acids and its dehalogenase activity. Journal of General Microbiology, 1979. 114: p. 125–136. 34. Van der Ploeg, J., G. Vanhall, and D.B. Janssen, Characterization of the Haloacid Dehalogenase from Xanthobacter-Autotrophicus Gj10 and Sequencing of the Dhlb Gene. Journal of Bacteriology, 1991. 173(24): p. 7925-7933. 35. Singer, P.C., Control of Disinfection by-Products in Drinking-Water. Journal of Environmental Engineering-Asce, 1994. 120(4): p. 727-744. 36. Castro, C.E., et al., Biodehalogenation: Oxidative and hydrolytic pathways in the transformations of acetonitrile, chloroacetonitrile, chloroacetic acid, and chloroacetamide by Methylosinus trichosporium OB-3b. Environmental Science & Technology, 1996. 30(4): p. 1180-1184. 37. Hashimoto, S., T. Azuma, and A. Otsuki, Distribution, sources, and stability of haloacetic acids in Tokyo Bay, Japan. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 1998. 17(5): p. 798-805. 38. Rostad, C.E., et al., Effect of a constructed wetland on disinfection byproducts: Removal processes and production of precursors. Environmental Science & Technology, 2000. 34(13): p. 2703-2710. 39. Ellis, D.A., et al., The fate and persistence of trifluoroacetic and chloroacetic acids in pond waters. Chemosphere, 2001. 42(3): p. 309-318. 40. Bethany M. McRae , T.M.L.a.R.M.H., Biodegradation of haloacetic acids by bacterial enrichment cultures. Chemosphere, 2004. 55: p. 915-925. 41. Pavelic, P., et al., Fate of disinfection by-products in groundwater during aquifer storage and recovery with reclaimed water. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 2005. 77(1-2): p. 119-141. | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/9932 | - |
dc.description.abstract | 自來水處理流程中,以含氯消毒劑進行消毒程序為最方便有效,也是最多國家所使用的方法,然而使用加氯消毒亦衍生消毒副產物之問題。人體可能經由各種接觸與吸收途徑,增加消毒副產物的暴露風險。在飲用水水質標準越趨於嚴格的同時,更突顯消毒副產物對民眾健康及自來水處理的重要性。
慢濾池是最天然的淨水程序,與一般過濾不同之處,在於除經由過濾之一般物理、化學程序外,還有生物作用進一步將水質淨化。而慢濾池之生物作用的相關研究甚少,尤其針對降解含鹵乙酸等消毒副產物的生物降解程序相關研究更是缺乏。 本研究進行實驗室模擬管柱與水廠實場操作,探討慢濾池操作期間微生物生長量、含鹵乙酸濃度之變化情形,分別以不同的進流水進行實驗,並於不同深度及操作時間時間進行採樣。研究目標在於觀察及比較不同的進流水對慢濾池微生物膜生成情形與含鹵乙酸的去除之影響,並且討論不同濾砂深度之影響。 研究結果顯示,在操作初期濾砂表層微生物量與操作時間成顯著相關,而中、底層的微生物量低於表層微生物量;以不同進流水進行慢濾池管柱試驗,MCAA皆可去除;但DCAA與TCAA等此類含較多鹵素之含鹵乙酸,則需較長時間或較高鹵乙酸濃度之馴化才能有效去除。 實驗室模擬管柱在操作約16天後,即可去除大部分的含鹵乙酸;與實場的實驗比對,實場微生物受水中餘氯的影響,生物膜之生物量與模擬管柱相反,在管柱中底層的微生物數量高於表層並較為穩定,於操作3週後含鹵乙酸才有較為明顯的去除效果。且含鹵乙酸的去除量與微生物的數量成顯著相關,但依不同的進流水而有不同回歸係數,顯示馴化強度或物種組成具有一定的影響。 | zh_TW |
dc.description.abstract | Disinfection with chlorine in water treatments is widely used by water treatment plants because of its convenience and effectiveness. However, formation of disinfection by-products is of concern due to its potential health risk.
Slow-sand filtration (SSF) is one of the most natural processes for water clarification. This study evaluates the biodegradation of haloacetic acids (HAAs) in slow-sand filtration unit. Simulated SSF columns were setup at both laboratory bench scale and pilot scale; and the results were compared with those observed in water treatment plant with SSF units. For both bench and pilot scale columns, water samples were taken from various bed depths of the columns and HAAs were analyzed. Filter sand was also taken to analyze the microbial activities on the sand surface. The results reveal that the microorganism mass on sand surface in the top portion of SSF and operation time have positive correlation, but the microorganism mass in the middle or in the bottom part of the columns are less than those observed in the top portion. MCAA is degradaded in all of the columns tested, but only the columns fed with higher halogen numbers HAAs (DCAA and TCAA) in influent water can effectively eliminate HAAs with high halogens. It may result from the domestication process for the microorganism to eliminate HAAs with higher halogen numbers However, after 16 days of the operation, the simulated SSF columns can eliminate most of the HAAs including TCAA. For water treatment plant with SSF units, the HAAs removal on SSF is affected by the residual chlorine in influent water, and the growth of microorganism is slower on the top portion. | en |
dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2021-05-20T20:50:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ntu-97-R93844009-1.pdf: 2042812 bytes, checksum: 01bae5facaa3d0777a6b26eeaf1bde5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 | en |
dc.description.tableofcontents | 摘要 I
Abstract II 目錄 III 圖目錄 VI 表目錄 VIII 第一章 前言 1 1.1研究背景 1 1.2研究目的 3 第二章 文獻回顧 5 2.1慢濾池 5 2.1.1慢濾池簡介 5 2.1.2慢濾池去除污染物之機制及特性 5 2.1.3慢濾池中微生物特性 6 2.1.4慢濾池對有機物之去除 7 2.2微生物之分析 8 2.2.1培養法(Cultural Method) 8 2.2.2非培養法(Non-culture method) 8 2.2.3 螢光染色法 9 2.2.4螢光顯微鏡(Epifluorescence Microscopy,EFM) 11 2.3含鹵乙酸 12 2.3.1水中含鹵乙酸的分類 12 2.3.2水中含鹵乙酸的來源 13 2.3.3含鹵乙酸生物降解特性 14 第三章 研究方法 16 3.1實驗材料 16 3.2儀器設備 19 3.3分析方法 21 3.4實驗步驟 23 3.4.1 建立螢光染色法計數慢濾池中濾砂微生物總量的分析方法 23 3.4.2管柱實驗 27 3.4.3實際水場獨立採樣系統 30 3.5樣本採集 33 第四章 結果與討論 34 4.1 建立螢光染色法計數慢濾池濾砂生物膜微生物總量的分析方法 34 4.1.1 採樣方法 34 4.1.1.1 實驗室慢濾池模擬管柱採樣流程 34 4.1.1.2 金門太湖淨水廠內慢濾池實場監測系統採樣流程 35 4.1.2 去除雜質 35 4.1.3 再懸浮方法 39 4.2 不同水源進流水對模擬管柱微生物總量之影響 41 4.2.1 實驗室配製腐植酸溶液為進流水的模擬管柱 41 4.2.2 天然水體 43 4.2.2.1以金門太湖淨水廠慢濾池池水為進流水的模擬管柱 43 4.2.2.2以臺大生態水池池水經混凝、沉澱後之澄清液為進流水的模擬管柱 43 4.2.3 不同水體及不同深度微生物總量比較 45 4.3 模擬管柱中含鹵乙酸之生物降解 50 4.3.1 不同水體含鹵乙酸降解作用之差異 51 4.3.2 不同深度含鹵乙酸降解作用之差異 58 4.4 去除溶解性有機物(Dissolved Organic Carbon , DOC) 59 4.4.1 不同水體去除DOC之差異 59 4.4.2 不同深度去除DOC之差異 60 4.5 實場操作結果討論 61 4.5.1 實場操作生物生長情形 62 4.5.2 實場操作含鹵乙酸降解 65 4.5.3 實場操作去除DOC之效果 67 4.6 微生物總量與DOC及含鹵乙酸降解之關係 68 第五章 結論與建議 74 5.1結論 74 5.2建議 76 參考文獻 77 附錄 81 附錄1、金門太湖淨水廠獨立的採樣系統裝設照片 81 附錄2、張氏,2004年3月於金門地區水廠含鹵乙酸採樣分析結果 82 附錄3、張氏,2003年9月於金門地區水廠含鹵乙酸採樣分析結果 83 附錄4、賴氏,2004年, 植菌與抑制微生物對含鹵乙酸(生成潛能稀釋20倍)降解情形 84 附錄5、賴氏,2004年, 植菌與抑制微生物對含鹵乙酸(生成潛能稀釋10倍)降解情形 85 附錄6、金門淨水管柱表層濾砂微生物總量與HAA、DOC降解量 86 附錄7、一般淨水管柱表層濾砂微生物總量與HAA、DOC降解量 87 附錄8、太湖水管柱表層濾砂微生物總量與HAA、DOC降解量 88 附錄9、腐植酸管柱表層濾砂微生物總量與HAA、DOC降解量 89 附錄10、金門實場表層濾砂微生物總量與HAA、DOC降解量 90 | |
dc.language.iso | zh-TW | |
dc.title | 慢砂濾池生物膜生物總量與含鹵乙酸降解之關係 | zh_TW |
dc.title | Biofilm Formation and Haloacetic Acids Degradation in Slow Sand Filtertaion Units | en |
dc.type | Thesis | |
dc.date.schoolyear | 96-2 | |
dc.description.degree | 碩士 | |
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 林財富,林嘉明,張靜文 | |
dc.subject.keyword | 慢濾池,含鹵乙酸,生物降解,DAPI螢光染色法,生物膜, | zh_TW |
dc.subject.keyword | slow-sand filtration,HAAs,biodegradation,DAPI,Biofilm, | en |
dc.relation.page | 90 | |
dc.rights.note | 同意授權(全球公開) | |
dc.date.accepted | 2008-06-12 | |
dc.contributor.author-college | 公共衛生學院 | zh_TW |
dc.contributor.author-dept | 環境衛生研究所 | zh_TW |
顯示於系所單位: | 環境衛生研究所 |
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