兩性離子高分子與MOF抗污複合膜於高性能太陽能海水淡化之應用

Abstract

本研究成功開發一種具抗汙性之太陽能海水蒸發複合膜，其組成包括玻璃纖維基材、CAU-10-H水傳輸層、碳黑@多巴胺鹽酸鹽（CB@DA）光熱轉換層以及抗汙性PSBMA高分子刷。 本研究以旋塗結合水熱二次生長法於玻璃纖維基材上沉積CAU-10-H，並透過Cu0-SI-ATRP技術在基材背面聚合PSBMA，以提升整體蒸發效率與抗汙壽命。藉由調控基材孔徑與塗佈次數，明確觀察到0.7 μm孔徑基材具備較佳的支撐能力，CAU-10-H晶體沉積穩定、層間結構完整。最佳條件下（C6-PSBMA），CAU-10-H能充分填覆並融合於纖維間，形成連續且具毛細吸水性的傳輸層；而0.22 μm基材雖具更強毛細力，卻因生長點滲入程度過高導致晶體無法於表面穩定生長，塗佈六次以上即產生脫落現象，影響整體穩定性。 實驗結果顯示，以0.7 μm孔徑基材搭配六次塗佈CAU-10-H所得之C6-PSBMA複合膜，具最完整沉積結構與最優異的水分傳導能力，此樣品在去離子水、模擬海水及真實海水中蒸發效率分別達到3.73、2.27與1.75 kg/m2•h的高蒸發性能，均顯著優於對照組；經一個月海水漂浮測試後，其仍能保有84.7 %蒸發效率，顯示其優異的抗汙能力。ICP-MS分析進一步證實蒸發水中Na+、K+、Mg2+與Ca2+等離子含量皆遠低於WHO飲用水標準，具備良好的水純化效果。 整體而言，本研究展示了金屬有機骨架與兩性高分子刷協同設計於太陽能海水淡化裝置之應用潛力，不僅顯著提升瞬時蒸發效率，亦大幅增強其長期耐久性與抗汙壽命，為未來實際應用提供可行方案。

This study successfully developed an anti-fouling solar evaporation composite membrane, composed of a glass fiber (GF) substrate, a CAU-10-H water transport layer, a carbon black@dopamine hydrochloride (CB@DA) photothermal conversion layer, and an antifouling poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA) polymer brush. CAU-10-H was deposited onto the substrate via spin-coating combined with a secondary hydrothermal growth method, while PSBMA was grafted onto the backside of Cu⁰-SI-ATRP method to enhance the overall evaporation efficiency and fouling resistance. By tuning the substrate pore size and coating times, it was clearly observed that the 0.7 μm pore-sized substrate provided better mechanical support and allowed for more stable CAU-10-H deposition with a well-defined layered structure. Under the optimal condition (C6-PSBMA), CAU-10-H crystals were densely filled and integrated into the fiber network, forming a continuous, capillary-enhanced water transport layer. In contrast, although the 0.22 μm substrate exhibited stronger capillary action, excessive penetration of growth solution hindered crystal formation on the surface, leading to delamination after more than six coating cycles and thereby compromising structural stability. Experimental results demonstrated that the C6-PSBMA composite membrane achieved excellent evaporation rates of 3.73, 2.27, and 1.75 kg/m2•h in deionized water, simulated seawater, and real seawater, respectively—significantly outperforming all control groups. After a one-month seawater-floating test, the membrane retained 84.7 % of its initial evaporation performance, confirming its outstanding antifouling capability. ICP-MS analysis further revealed that the concentrations of Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ in the condensed water were all well below the WHO drinking water limits, indicating effective desalination performance. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the promising application of a synergistic design combining metal–organic frameworks and zwitterionic polymer brushes in solar-driven desalination membranes. The approach not only significantly enhances instantaneous evaporation efficiency but also substantially improves long-term durability and fouling resistance, offering a practical strategy for real-world water purification applications.