臺灣受脅植物復育地點篩選之研究

Abstract

依據《2017臺灣維管束植物紅皮書名錄》的評估，臺灣的野生維管束植物共有超過4400種分類群被納入紅皮書的評估範圍，其中有989個分類群被歸類為國家受威脅等級，涵蓋極危（NCR）、瀕危（NEN）及易危（NVU）三個類別，反映出這些植物在原生環境中的生存受到嚴重挑戰。依受脅植物分布情形分析，其中有110種受威脅植物並未分布於國家保護區（如：國家公園或國有林）之內（林奐宇，2018），導致這些物種在棲地未受法定保護的情況下面臨更高的滅絕危機；而林保署的國土生態綠網計畫列出45條保育軸帶，其中包含約50種原保護區外物種，因此，為了評估哪些為臺灣目前等待優先保育的受脅物種，同時維護臺灣植物的物種多樣性，篩選物種復育的對象與復育場域是需要關注的議題。 本研究透過系統性的文獻回顧與空間分析，結合植物紅皮書名錄的受脅等級作為評估基準，也藉由專家諮詢探討植物復育的篩選方針，並以臺灣分布於保護區外的受脅物種及臺灣特有種作為優先保育對象，著重於評估需要優先保育的物種名單，進一步以各物種的點位資料及氣候環境條件，運用MaxEnt建模分析篩選出適合復育受脅物種的環境，提供復育地點篩選的具體建議，旨在建立一份以科學為基礎的復育物種清單，期望此清單可作為各縣市在制定植物保育計畫時的參考依據，以保護受脅物種並促進其在異地的繁殖與成長，維護臺灣生物多樣性與保育受脅物種，以期提高臺灣的植物復育成效。

According to The Red List of Vascular Plants of Taiwan, 2017, over 4,400 taxa of wild vascular plants have been assessed, among which 989 taxa are categorized as nationally threatened species. These include species classified as Critically Endangered (NCR), Endangered (NEN), and Vulnerable (NVU), highlighting the severe challenges these plants face in their natural habitats. Spatial analysis further indicates that 110 of these threatened species do not occur within legally protected areas, such as national parks or state-owned forests (Lin, 2018), thus facing a higher risk of extinction due to insufficient habitat protection. Additionally, the Green Network Project for National Land Ecological Conservation, promoted by the Forestry and Nature Conservation Agency, identifies 45 conservation corridors that include approximately 50 species located outside existing protected areas. These findings underscore the urgent need to prioritize the conservation and restoration of threatened plant species in Taiwan. This study aims to contribute to the maintenance of plant biodiversity in Taiwan by systematically integrating literature review, spatial analysis, and expert consultation to establish scientifically grounded criteria for selecting priority species and restoration sites. Threatened species occurring outside protected areas and those endemic to Taiwan are identified as primary conservation targets. Species distribution data and associated bioclimatic variables are analyzed using MaxEnt modeling to predict suitable environments for ex situ or assisted in situ conservation. Based on the modeling results, a proposed list of priority species and recommended restoration locations is developed. This list is intended to serve as a scientific reference for local governments and conservation stakeholders in formulating effective restoration plans, thereby promoting the recovery and long-term survival of threatened species, and enhancing Taiwan's overall plant conservation outcomes.