泰國少年政治犯的權利

Abstract

多元的意見是國家和社會繁榮發展的關鍵，但今天，全球各地人民的言論自由空間顯著縮減，許多法律被制定來阻礙思想自由或言論自由。例如，學生因舉牌抗議被逮捕，記者因撰寫批評政府的文章而被監禁。在泰國以及世界許多其他國家，言論自由似乎正在衰退。政府應該保護公民的自由權，並制定法律來保護言論自由，但實際上，全世界許多人因表達與當權者不同的意見而入獄。 當人們和平示威以保護自由、正義或人權時，無論其職業為何，都可能成為各種壓制行動的目標，壓制的力量可能源自於無論這些壓制行動是來自政府安全部門、軍隊、宗教領袖、企業，甚至是他們所在的社區成員。近年來，泰國政府逐漸開始使用法律與非法律手段來限制公民的言論自由和表達自由。其中大部分是以國家安全的名義提起控訴。其他常見的控訴，如言論導致煽動並引起分裂，則被視為電腦犯罪或誹謗重要人物或國家機構。 在泰國青少年參與集會並出於政治目的表達意見的案例中，發現政府官員違反了法律、國內法及國際法對兒童權利的保護規定，不論是在過度剝奪集會自由、侵犯青少年權利，還是對青少年進行歧視性起訴等方面。 本論文深入探討泰國政治集會的歷史，仔細審視青少年權利，並提出改革泰國兒童權利的建議，以保護青少年被拘留者的權利並促進泰國的言論和集會自由。論文將指出有必要針對參與政治活動的年輕人制定專門照顧和法律程序，以應對青少年牽涉政治訴訟時的脆弱性。

The plurality of opinions is key to the prosperity and development of a country and society, but today, the freedom of speech space for people around the world is significantly decreasing. Many laws are enacted to block the freedom of thought or speech. For example, students are arrested for holding banners. The journalist was imprisoned for writing articles criticizing the government. Freedom of speech seems to be declining in Thailand and many countries around the world. All governments should protect citizens’ freedom and enact laws to protect freedom of speech. But in practice, many people all over the world have been put into prisons for expressing their opinions that do not conform to the authority. People demonstrate peacefully in protecting freedom, justice, or human rights, no matter what occupation may be the target of various processes or actions to silence them, whether by the government security, the military, religious leaders, corporations, or even members of their communities. They may be charged with assault, torture, disappearance, or assassination. In recent years, the Thai government has increasingly used legal and non-legal measures. To restrict citizens’ freedom of speech and freedom of expression. Most of them are charges of national security. Other popular charges, such as if the expression leads to incitement causing division, are considered computer crime or defamation of important people or institutions of the country. Based on the cases of Thai juveniles participating in assemblies and expressing their opinions for political purposes, it is found that government officials have violated the provisions of laws, domestic laws, and international laws on the protection of children’s rights, whether from the aspects of excessive deprivation of freedom of assembly, infringement of teenagers’ rights, or discriminatory prosecution of teenagers. This thesis explores the history of political gatherings in Thailand, scrutinizes juvenile rights, and offers recommendations for reforming children’s rights in Thailand to safeguard the rights of juvenile detainees and foster freedom of expression and assembly in Thailand. The thesis will emphasize the need for specialized care and legal processes that are tailored to the vulnerabilities of young individuals involved in political proceedings.