建築工程鋁模板成本效益分析及施工建議之研究

Abstract

隨著台灣營建產業長期面臨人力短缺、技術斷層與環保永續壓力，傳統木模板工法因材料消耗大、重複使用率低及工安風險高，已難以滿足現代建築工程之需求；鋁模板因具備輕量化、高強度、可重複使用、施工快速、環保等特性，逐漸成為眾多系統模板工法中的重要發展方向。然而，鋁模板於國內導入過程亦面臨初期投資高、設計彈性受限、專業人力短缺、跨工種施工界面調適及傳統工班接受度不高等多重挑戰。 本研究以中高層建築工程為對象，結合文獻回顧、案例分析與專家訪談，系統性探討鋁模板在設計、施工、管理層面的優勢與限制。研究發現，鋁模板可顯著提升施工效率，減少工期與人力依賴，並降低營建廢棄物及碳排放，長期經濟效益與環保效益優於傳統木模板；案例數據顯示，鋁模板的單位施工成本隨重複使用次數增加而下降，且報廢後具高回收殘值，符合循環經濟與碳中和政策。 此外，研究亦發現，鋁模板施工需精確的前置規劃與標準化作業流程，故建議導入BIM技術以提升配模精度與管理效能，減少錯誤與返工，進一步降低整體成本與資源浪費。在管理層面，鋁模板的有效運用仰賴完善的材料物流、倉儲與維修機制，並需依據工程規模與性質，彈性調整發包與採購模式。推動租賃制、聯合採購及回收維修機制，提升產業整體資源利用效率。 專家亦指出，鋁模板工法施工環境較為整潔，作業流程標準化，降低了對高技術人力的依賴，吸引更多年輕勞動力投入，本研究另建議，政府應加強相關政策支持，推動產學合作與技術研發，設計單位應配合模矩化設計，產業界則需強化跨工種協作與技術創新，提升鋁模板產業競爭力與市場接受度。未來可進一步發展智能化模板管理系統，結合物聯網與大數據分析，提升施工監控與資源調度效率；整體而言，鋁模板若能克服初期導入障礙並完善管理體系，將有望成為台灣營建產業主流工法，對國家建築品質提升及環境永續目標之實現具有深遠影響。

With Taiwan’s construction industry facing persistent labor shortages, a widening skills gap, and increasing pressure for environmental sustainability, traditional timber formwork methods—due to high material consumption, low reuse rates, and elevated safety risks—are no longer able to meet the requirements of modern building projects. Aluminum formwork, characterized by its lightweight, high strength, reusability, rapid construction, and environmental friendliness, has gradually become a key direction among various system formwork technologies. However, the introduction of aluminum formwork domestically also encounters multiple challenges, including high initial investment, limited design flexibility, shortage of skilled professionals, adaptation at cross-trade construction interfaces, and low acceptance among traditional labor teams. This study focuses on mid- to high-rise building projects and systematically explores the advantages and limitations of aluminum formwork in design, construction, and management through literature review, case analysis, and expert interviews. The findings indicate that aluminum formwork can significantly improve construction efficiency, reduce project duration and labor dependence, and lower construction waste and carbon emissions. In the long term, its economic and environmental benefits surpass those of traditional timber formwork. Case data show that the unit construction cost of aluminum formwork decreases as the number of reuse cycles increases, and its high residual recycling value after decommissioning aligns with circular economy and carbon neutrality policies. Furthermore, the study finds that aluminum formwork construction requires precise pre-construction planning and standardized operational procedures. It is therefore recommended to introduce BIM technology to enhance formwork layout accuracy and management efficiency, reduce errors and rework, and further lower overall costs and resource waste. In terms of management, the effective utilization of aluminum formwork relies on comprehensive material logistics, warehousing, and maintenance mechanisms, and requires flexible adjustment of contracting and procurement models according to project scale and nature. Promoting leasing systems, joint procurement, and recycling and maintenance mechanisms can enhance overall industry resource utilization efficiency. Experts also point out that the aluminum formwork method provides a cleaner construction environment and standardized workflows, reducing reliance on highly skilled labor and attracting more young workers. This study further recommends that the government strengthen relevant policy support, promote industry-academia collaboration and technological R&D, encourage design units to adopt modular design, and urge industry to enhance cross-trade collaboration and technological innovation to improve the competitiveness and market acceptance of the aluminum formwork sector. In the future, the development of intelligent formwork management systems integrating IoT and big data analytics can further improve construction monitoring and resource allocation efficiency. Overall, if the initial adoption barriers can be overcome and management systems improved, aluminum formwork is expected to become a mainstream construction method in Taiwan’s building industry, with profound implications for improving national construction quality and achieving environmental sustainability goals.