攀岩者上肢力量特徵與攀登等級之多元迴歸分析

Abstract

目的：本研究旨在探討攀岩者上肢力量特徵與攀登等級之間的關係，進一步建立多元線性迴歸模型，以解釋攀登表現之變異，提供攀岩體能檢測與訓練計劃規劃的科學化考據依據。 方法：本研究採橫斷式設計，共招募25名進階水準之男性攀岩者，其年齡平均為31.92歲、攀岩經驗平均為6.58年、IRCRA之自我報告攀登等級平均為19.50。受試者進行人體測量學參數與三項上肢力量檢測，包含雙手最大指握力、最大負重引體向上與最大反覆引體向上。統計方法包括 Spearman 相關分析、簡單線性迴歸分析，最終納入四個變項進行多元迴歸分析：雙手最大指握力、最大負重引體向上比值、最大反覆引體向上次數與攀岩經驗。 結果：四個變項中，僅最大負重引體向上比值能顯著預測攀登等級 (β = 11.88, p < .001) ，多元迴歸模型具高度解釋力 (R² = .778)。此外，簡單線性分析亦顯示最大指握力、最大反覆引體向上與攀岩經驗皆與攀登等級呈顯著正向關聯。結論：研究結果支持最大負重引體向上之相對比值作為進階攀岩者肌力評估與能力分級依據。未來建議擴增樣本規模，並納入女性攀岩者，以提升統計模型的穩定與效度。未來可透過訓練介入設計與客觀表現紀錄，進一步釐清力量變項與攀登表現間之因果關係，提升研究之實務應用價值。

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between upper limb strength characteristics and climbing grades in climbers. In addition, a multiple linear regression model was constructed to account for the variance in climbing performance, thereby offering a scientific foundation for physical fitness evaluation and evidence-based training plan in sport climbing. Methods: A cross-sectional design was adopted. Twenty-five advanced male climbers were recruited, with a mean age of 31.92 years, an average climbing experience of 6.58 years, and a mean IRCRA self-reported climbing grade of 19.50. Participants underwent anthropometric assessments and three upper limb strength tests, including maximum bilateral pinch grip strength, one-repetition maximum (1RM) weighted pull-up, and maximum repetition pull-up test. Statistical analyses included Spearman correlation, simple linear regression, and a multiple regression model incorporating four variables: bilateral maximal grip strength, 1RM pull-up relative to body weight, number of pull-up repetitions, and years of climbing experience. Results: Among the four variables in multiple regression model, only the 1RM pull-up relative to body weight significantly predicted climbing grade (β = 11.88, p < .001). The overall regression model demonstrated high explanatory power (R²= .778). Additionally, simple linear regression analyses indicated significantly positive associations between maximal grip strength, maximum repetition pull-up and climbing experience. Conclusion: The findings support the use of the relative 1RM weighted pull-up as a practical indicator for strength evaluation and performance classification among advanced climbers. Future studies are encouraged to expand the sample size, include female climbers to enhance model stability and validity. Intervention-based designs and objective performance tracking are also recommended to clarify causal relationships between strength variables and climbing performance, thereby enhancing practical applications.