幽暗力量美學與《莊子》工夫的對話

Abstract

本文從孟柯（Christoph Menke）「幽暗力量美學」理論與《莊子》的跨文化對談切入，以「習練（Übung）」與《莊子》技藝、修養工夫為討論核心，旨在拓展《莊子》跨文化研究的進路，深入雙方理論並後設省思其對談的價值。 對於超越規範與目的的「力量」如何得以「習練」，孟柯提出「一體兩面」的「習練」構思方式。本文將揭示此種構思導致的「正確的習練不可知」之理論難題，以及此問題會對目前學界的相關研究造成何種影響。並分別從「跨文化研究視角」與「《莊子》文本」兩個面向，提出可能解決「不可知」問題的辦法。並藉「不可知」問題反思力量美學與《莊子》跨文化對談的意義，以及習練與工夫如何從個人意義過渡至公領域，具有回應當代倫理、政治議題的可能。 本文基本上採取具身實在論（embodied realism）立場，並整理畢來德（Jean François Billeter）詮釋觀點，提出「經驗描述」詮釋原則，作為跨文化對談的方法論基礎。

This thesis approaches the cross-cultural dialogue between Christoph Menke's theory of the aesthetics of obscure force and the Zhuangzi, focusing on the concepts of Übung (practice/training) and the notions of technique and self-cultivation (gongfu) in the Zhuangzi. It aims to expand the methodological avenues for cross-cultural research on the Zhuangzi, engaging deeply with both theoretical frameworks while reflecting meta-critically on the value of their dialogue. Regarding how a "force" that transcends norms and purposes can be cultivated through practice, Menke proposes a dual-aspect structure of practice. This thesis reveals the theoretical difficulty arising from Menke's conception, namely the unknowability of correct practice, and examines its potential impact on current scholarly discourse. Furthermore, it proposes possible solutions to the unknowability problem from two perspectives: the lens of cross-cultural studies and the internal conceptual resources of the Zhuangzi. By rethinking the unknowability issue, this study reflects on the significance of the dialogue between the aesthetics of obscure force and Zhuangzi, and explores how individual practice and self-cultivation might transition into the public domain, offering responses to contemporary ethical and political issues. Methodologically, the thesis adopts the stance of embodied realism and draws upon the interpretive perspective of Jean François Billeter, proposing the principle of experiential description as the foundation for conducting cross-cultural dialogue.