地方政府推動優先採購產品及服務之政策工具

Abstract

本研究運用Howlett and Ramesh（1995）提出之政策工具光譜（spectrum of policy instruments）可分為強制性工具、混合性工具及自願性工具三大類別。研究方法以內容分析法、次級資料分析法及半結構式訪談法，使用衛生福利部社會及家庭署建置的優先採購網路資訊平台數據，分析22個地方政府於2011年至2023年的優採成交金額及未達法定優採比率義務單位數量。在此數據基礎上，將各縣市分為二組研究對象，第一組為12個未採取強制性工具之縣市、第二組為10個有採取強制性工具之縣市，訪談對象於第一組有2位，第二組則有5位。 研究架構共含三項層面，首先，政策工具類型是否影響優採成交情形。其次，探討義務單位之採購行為，可能展現公平性、弱勢者優先受益、本地性、連續性等特徵。最後，優採產品和優採廠商有哪些因素影響地方政府義務單位的採購行為。 研究結果發現， 22個縣市政府於優先採購政策使用之政策工具項目與類別，並歸納得知：1.三類政策工具以混合性工具的項目數量最多元化，而就強制性工具而言，第二組研究對象，於達成法定比率機關數量成果表現尚難推論較優於第一組；2.義務單位之採購行為，經受訪資料顯示以連續性之特徵較為明顯；3.影響義務單位的採購行為，在優採產品方面的因素首重品質，而在優採廠商方面，最重要的影響因素則是地緣條件。 未來政策建議，建議社家署持續增強平台功能，以協助地方政府運用系統智能管理義務單位及輔導優採廠商；建議地方政府實施更多元政策工具，提升義務單位達成法定比率及金額，及促進優採廠商之成交機會；建議身障組織踴躍加入優採廠商及提升產品品質，並向政府倡議更靈活的優採政策，最終達成支持障礙者參與社會及自立能力。

This study uses the spectrum of policy instruments proposed by Howlett and Ramesh (1995) to divide it into three categories: mandatory instruments, mixed instruments, and voluntary instruments. The research methods are content analysis, secondary data analysis and semi-structured interviews. Using data from the preferential procurement online information platform established by the Social and Family Affairs Administration Ministry of Health and Welfare (SFAA) to analyze the preferential procurement transaction amounts and the number of units that have not met the statutory preferential procurement ratio in 22 local governments from 2011 to 2023. Based on this data, the counties and cities are divided into two groups of research objects. The first group consists of 12 counties and cities that have not adopted mandatory instruments, and the second group consists of 10 counties and cities that have adopted mandatory instruments. There are 2 interviewees in the first group and 5 interviewees in the second group. The research framework contains three aspects. First, whether the type of policy instruments affects the preferential procurement transaction situation. Second, the procurement behavior of obligated units may show characteristics such as fairness, priority benefits for the disadvantaged, locality, and continuity. Third, what factors of preferential procurement products and preferential procurement manufacturers affect the procurement behavior of obligated units of local governments. The research results found that the policy instruments and categories used by 22 county and city governments in the preferential procurement policy were summarized as follows: 1. Among the three types of policy instruments, the number of mixed instruments is the most diverse, as for the mandatory instruments, and it is difficult to infer that the second group of research subjects is better than the first group in terms of the number of agencies that meet the statutory ratio; 2. The procurement behavior of the obligated units, according to the interview data, is more obvious in terms of continuity; 3. The factors that affect the procurement behavior of the obligated units are quality in terms of preferential procurement of products, and the most important factor influencing preferential procurement of manufacturers is geographical conditions. Future policy recommendations: It is recommended that the SFAA continue to enhance the platform function to assist local governments in using the system to intelligently manage mandatory units and guide preferential manufacturers; it is recommended that local governments implement more diversified policy instruments to increase the statutory ratio and amount achieved by mandatory units, and promote the transaction opportunities of preferential manufacturers; it is recommended that disabled organizations actively join preferential manufacturers and improve product quality, and propose more flexible preferential policies to the government, ultimately achieving support for people with disabilities to participate in society and become self-reliant.