臺北市公共自行車補貼政策對大眾運輸使用量的影響

Abstract

公共自行車因不需仰賴燃料作為動力，具有低碳、節能及機動性高等特性，可作為連結公共運輸系統中第一哩路及最後一哩路的重要工具，使之成為現今世界各國相繼推動發展的綠色運具。臺北市為提升公共自行車的使用率，於2024年2月28日起實施YouBike 2.0公共自行車前30分鐘免費之政策。本研究以差異中之差異法，利用未實施政策的新北市作為對照組，以分析臺北市在政策實施前後，公共自行車及捷運使用量的變化。實證結果顯示，臺北市的公共自行車騎乘次數在政策實施後顯著提升了超過三成，且在不同時段及不同站點類型亦皆有顯著的正向影響，其中，非假日的騎乘次數相比於假日增幅高，分別提升34.20%與32.83%；非假日的不同時段中，晚尖峰時段增幅最顯著，達40.11%；此外，鄰近捷運站與學校站點的騎乘次數也呈現較高之使用增幅，分別為35.63%與39.81%。然而，捷運使用量並未受到顯著影響，因此沒有明確證據支持捷運與公共自行車使用存在替代或互補的關係。最後，本研究亦估算此政策所減少的燃油費用支出與時間節省的效益，並推估政策補助之成本，得出益本比約為1.27，顯示政策可有效提升社會福利。

Public bicycles are low-carbon, energy-efficient, and highly flexible transportation options that don't rely on fuel, serving as important green vehicles to bridge the first and last mile gaps in public transit systems worldwide. To promote public bicycle usage, Taipei City implemented a free 30-minute YouBike 2.0 policy starting on February 28, 2024. This study employs a Difference-in-Differences approach, using New Taipei City as the control group, to evaluate changes in public bicycle and metro usage before and after the policy implementation in Taipei. The empirical results show that Taipei City's public bicycle ridership increased significantly by over 30% after the policy implementation, with significant positive effects across different time periods and station types. Non-holidays showed higher increases than holidays at 34.20% versus 32.83%, with evening peak hours during non-holidays showing the most significant increase at 40.11%. Stations near metro stops and schools also demonstrated higher usage increases at 35.63% and 39.81% respectively. In contrast, metro usage was not significantly affected, indicating no clear substitutive or complementary relationship between metro and public bicycles. Finally, the study estimates benefits of reduced fuel expenses and time savings resulting from the policy, along with the associated subsidy costs. The resulting benefit-cost ratio is approximately 1.27, indicating that the policy effectively enhances social welfare.