生成式AI時代的日本中小企業數位轉型政策：新加坡與台灣的案例比較與實證分析

Abstract

本研究旨在釐清日本中小企業在推動數位轉型（DX）政策方面的現況與挑戰，並在日本數位競爭力落後與生成式人工智慧（GenAI）快速發展、作為DX潛在突破技術的背景下，提出具體的優化建議。特別是，本研究針對數位競爭力排名領先的新加坡與臺灣，從多面向分析其對中小企業的DX支援政策之內容、成效與制度背景。

研究方法包括文獻回顧、國際統計資料的比較分析、政策文件的檢視，並輔以對日本經濟產業省（METI）官員的半結構式訪談，以納入實務層面的政策執行情況。分析架構則從「政策設計」、「執行體系」及「成果對齊」三個面向切入，並輔以UTAUT作為補充的分析框架。

研究主要發現指出，日本中小企業在DX進展遲緩的原因，並非僅限於技術層面，而是受到企業文化、對不確定性的迴避傾向、以及組織與心理因素等深層影響。相對而言，新加坡與臺灣透過政府主導的戰略性、整合性支援措施，例如明確劃分產業領域的轉型路線圖、以及一站式的支援平台，有效提升了中小企業的數位成熟度。

基於上述分析，本研究提出以下四點政策建議，以促進日本中小企業的DX政策優化：（1）建立日本式的一站式支援體系；（2）強化重視質性面的實地輔導支援；（3）明確制定有策略性且具體的GenAI導入支援措施；（4）提升政策評估的透明度與客觀性。

本研究有助於補足日本在DX政策方面的國際比較研究空白，並提供具實證性與實務參考價值的政策意涵。

This study aims to clarify the current state and challenges of digital transformation (DX) policies for SMEs in Japan and to derive practical insights for their optimization, against the backdrop of Japan’s lagging digital competitiveness and the rapid advancement of generative AI (GenAI) as a potential breakthrough technology for DX. In particular, the study conducts a multifaceted analysis of the content, effectiveness, and institutional background of DX support policies for SMEs in Singapore and Taiwan—two countries that rank high in digital competitiveness.

The research methodology includes a literature review, comparative analysis of international statistics, and examination of policy documents, supplemented by a semi-structured interview with a policy officer from Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), thereby incorporating practical aspects of policy implementation. The analysis is structured around three perspectives: “policy design,” “implementation structure,” and “alignment of outcomes,” with the UTAUT theory utilized as a supplementary analytical framework.

The main findings reveal that the delay in DX among Japanese SMEs is not solely due to technological limitations but is also heavily influenced by corporate culture, uncertainty avoidance tendencies, and organizational and psychological factors. In contrast, in Singapore and Taiwan, strategic and comprehensive government-led support measures—such as clearly defined sector-specific roadmaps and one-stop support platforms—have had a significant positive impact on improving the digital maturity of SMEs. Based on these findings, the study presents several policy recommendations for improving DX policies for SMEs in Japan, including: (1) the establishment of a Japanese-style one-stop support system; (2) the enhancement of hands-on support focusing on qualitative aspects; (3) the clarification of strategic and concrete support measures for the adoption of GenAI; and (4) the improvement of transparency and objectivity in policy evaluation.

This study contributes to filling the gap in international comparative research on Japan’s DX policies, providing empirical and practically relevant implications for policymaking.