靈丹，可氯丹超級柴油及廢機油對虎斑猛水蚤之毒性研究

Abstract

臺灣生態系統長期以來一直都曝露於農藥中，境內的河流大多短小湍急，加上一些農藥在水體的半衰期多達數個月至數年，使得受危害的不只是淡水流域體系，連沿岸海域的生態系也受到了影響。又台灣四面環海，且位於交通運輸的樞紐位置，故船運相當的發達，船上的油類使用除了本身航行時所需的燃料柴油以外，機油使用量也是相當的驚人，而這些油類可能會因為由於意外，或是人為惡意丟棄還有船體本身有漏油而洩漏至沿岸海域當中，成為了除油輪漏油污染外另一種潛在性的油類污染來源。本研究以沿岸常見的底棲橈足類虎斑猛水蚤Tigriopus japonicus為對象，測試可氯丹跟靈丹兩種有機氯農藥以及超級柴油廢機油兩種油類的水溶性萃取物(WAF)的急慢性毒性，靈丹的24、48、72與96小時的半致死濃度分別為3.72ppm、2.56ppm、1.52ppm與1.19ppm，而可氯丹的24、48、72與96小時的半致死濃度則分別為5.00ppm、2.46ppm、1.20ppm與0.71ppm。超級柴油WAF對於T. japonicus的抱卵雌性的急性毒害影響並不是很明顯，廢機油WAF處理的虎斑猛水蚤24、48、72與96小時的半致死濃度分別為70.88%、53.97%、41.93%與32.13%。慢性毒方面，成長試驗中靈丹在100ppb、可氯丹在1ppb、10ppb及100ppb中皆能延遲脫殼的時間，油類的WAF在低濃度下除了延遲脫殼時間外還會造成幼體大量死亡。生殖試驗中除了靈丹在1ppb、超級柴油WAF各組以及廢機油WAF1％沒有顯著差異外，其餘組別第一次抱卵時間皆與控制組有顯著差異的存在。抱卵次數方面除了靈丹在1ppb、10ppb，可氯丹在1ppb、10ppb，超級柴油WAF1％、5％以及廢機油WAF0.3％、1％沒有顯著差異外，其餘濃度較高的各組別皆與控制組有顯著差異的存在。在孵化子代的數目方面所有的試驗組其子代數目皆少於控制組，在統計上也都顯示出有顯著差異的存在。

The Taiwan ecosystem continuously all exposure in the agricultural chemicals, not only causes to harm the fresh water basin system, but also influence the coast sea area ecosystem. Taiwan also is located the Ship transportation key position. On the ship is bringing the massive diesel oil as well as the engine oil. These oil classes possibly can release because of the accident, or intentional discarding, has become another kind of potentiality oil class pollution origin. This study aimed to investigate the effects of acute and chronic exposures of lindane, chlordane, the super diesel oil as well as the waste engine oil water accommodated fraction(WAF) on roosts copepoda Tigriopus japonicus. In the acute experiments, the 24, 48, 72 and 96 h median lethal concentration(LC50) values for lindane were 3.72ppm, 2.56ppm, 1.52ppm and 1.19ppm; chlordane were 5.00ppm, 2.46ppm, 1.20ppm and 0.71ppm respectively. The super diesel oil’s acute toxicity was not obvious, and the 24, 48, 72 and 96 h LC50 values for super diesel oil were 70.88%, 53.97%, 41.93% and 32.13%. In the chronic experiments, Tigriopus japonicus delay the time which peels off the shell when lindane in 100ppb, chlordane in 1ppb, 10ppb and 100ppb, oil class WAF under the low concentration not only the detention peeling off the shell time but also can cause the nauplius massive deaths. In the reproduction experiment except the lindane in 1ppb, super diesel oil WAF each group of as well as the waste engine oil WAF1%, other groups first time holding the egg had the remarkable difference existence with the control. Number of bearing eggs does not have the remarkable difference by exposure to the lindane in 1ppb, 10ppb, chlordane in 1ppb, 10ppb, the super diesel oil WAF1%, 5% as well as the waste engine oil WAF0.3%, 1%. Number of brooding size in all concentrations are lower than control and had the remarkable difference existence.