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  1. NTU Theses and Dissertations Repository
  2. 電機資訊學院
  3. 電子工程學研究所
請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件: http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/97806
完整後設資料紀錄
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dc.contributor.advisor李建模zh_TW
dc.contributor.advisorJames Chien-Mo Lien
dc.contributor.author王濰紳zh_TW
dc.contributor.authorWei-Shen Wangen
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-17T16:05:15Z-
dc.date.available2025-07-18-
dc.date.copyright2025-07-17-
dc.date.issued2025-
dc.date.submitted2025-07-14-
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dc.identifier.urihttp://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/97806-
dc.description.abstract隨著半導體製程進步,三維積體電路的高溫逐漸成為不可忽視的議題。溫度過高可能導致晶片損壞或晶片效能下降。然而傳統溫度分析需要非常長的運算時間,進一步使的三維積體電路設計空間探索速度極為緩慢。在本論文中,我們提出基於機器學習的暫態溫度預測器,以實現高速考慮溫度之三維積體電路使用空間探索。我們提出三項機器學習特徵,以此考慮三維積體電路的物理資訊與功率分佈。我們提出兩種使用多模型機器學習的技巧,以此考慮不同的物理層與不同的溫度區間。在我們的實驗當中,我們設計了一個三層堆疊、每層為4毫米 x 4毫米的三維積體電路。我們的溫度預測器準確度達到了平均絕對誤差0.23°C與最大誤差5.99°C。我們的溫度預測器的運算速度達到了相較於商業用有限元素法求解器551倍的速度提升。在一個每層含有13核心晶片之三維積體電路,我們提出的基於機器學習之使用空間探索得以求出符合溫度限制之佈局規劃,使三維積體電路之最高溫度下降10°C。我們提出方法成本為模型訓練時間(本研究中使用了36個佈局規劃訓練模型),但是這些訓練成本可以被多個使用相同封裝的三維積體電路共享。zh_TW
dc.description.abstractAs the technology nodes advance, the thermal issues of 3DIC need to be addressed. Thermal violation could cause chip damage or performance degradation. Traditional thermal simulation is too slow for 3DIC Design Space Exploration (DSE). In this thesis, we propose a machine learning (ML)-based transient thermal predictor to enable fast thermal-aware 3DIC DSE. We propose three ML features to include the physical information and the power distribution of a 3DIC. We propose two multiple ML models for different physical layers and different temperature regions. We set up a 3DIC with three stacked 4mm x 4mm dies. Our thermal predictor achieves a mean absolute error of 0.23°C and a maximum error of 5.99°C. Our thermal predictor achieves a 551X speedup compared to a commercial Finite Element Method (FEM) solver during DSE. In a 3DIC with 13 cores per die, our proposed ML-based DSE finds a thermal-safe floorplan, reducing peak temperature by 10°C. The cost of our proposal is the additional training time (36 floorplans in our case), which can be shared by many 3DICs using the same package.en
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dc.description.tableofcontentsAcknowledgements i
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
Contents v
List of Figures viii
List of Tables x
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Motivation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Proposed Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.3 Contributions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
1.4 Organization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Chapter 2 Background 7
2.1 Static / Transient Thermal Simulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
2.2 Static and Transient Thermal Simulation for 2DIC . . . . . . . . . . 8
2.3 Static Thermal Simulation for 3DIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
2.4 Transient Thermal Simulation for 3DIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.5 Thermal-Aware DSE for 2DIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Chapter 3 Proposed Technique 16
3.1 Overall Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
3.2 ML Features Extraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.2.1 Distance to Nearest XY Boundary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.2.2 Distance to Nearest Four Hybrid Bondings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2.3 Concentric-Circle Total Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.2.4 Time-Decayed Feature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.3 Multiple ML Models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.3.1 Multiple ML Models by Die . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
3.3.2 Multiple ML Models by Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Chapter 4 Experiments 30
4.1 Experimental Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.1.1 3DIC Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.1.2 Multi-Core Die . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
4.1.3 RISC-V SoC Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.1.4 Thermal Predictor Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.1.5 Evaluation Metrics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
4.2 Accuracy Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
4.3 Runtime Comparison . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.4 Design Space Exploration Results . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Chapter 5 Discussion 43
5.1 Model Transferability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
5.2 Long Simulation Duration Prediction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
5.3 Future Works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Chapter 6 Conclusion 46
References 47
Appendix A — Definition of Terms 54
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dc.language.isoen-
dc.subject設計空間探索zh_TW
dc.subject暫態溫度zh_TW
dc.subject機器學習zh_TW
dc.subject三維積體電路zh_TW
dc.subjectDesign Space Explorationen
dc.subject3DICen
dc.subjectmachine learningen
dc.subjecttransient thermalen
dc.title基於機器學習的三維積體電路暫態溫度預測器用於快速設計空間探索zh_TW
dc.titleML-based 3DIC Transient Thermal Predictor for Fast Design Space Explorationen
dc.typeThesis-
dc.date.schoolyear113-2-
dc.description.degree碩士-
dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee江蕙如;張鴻嘉zh_TW
dc.contributor.oralexamcommitteeIris Hui-Ru Jiang;Norman Changen
dc.subject.keyword三維積體電路; 機器學習; 暫態溫度; 設計空間探索zh_TW
dc.subject.keyword3DIC; machine learning; transient thermal; Design Space Explorationen
dc.relation.page54-
dc.identifier.doi10.6342/NTU202501787-
dc.rights.note未授權-
dc.date.accepted2025-07-16-
dc.contributor.author-college電機資訊學院-
dc.contributor.author-dept電子工程學研究所-
dc.date.embargo-liftN/A-
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