原住民升學優待政策之評析

Abstract

本研究旨在探討我國原住民族升學優待政策對原住民學生升學與就業之影響。近年來，雖然透過外加名額與加分制度，原住民學生的大專以上畢業人數有明顯提升，惟學業表現、休退學率仍與非原住民存在差距。這種情況之下，升學優待政策除了提升原住民獲取大專學歷機會以外，對於其大專畢業後是否產生正面效益？為此，本文將利用實證資料進行分析。 研究結果顯示，隨著大專畢業生的增加，原住民平均所得逐漸趨近全體族群之平均水平；然而，原住民在高所得級距的占比仍明顯低於全體族群。進一步分析指出，此一現象與原住民較少攻讀碩士學位，以及其行業別的選擇有關。若欲提升原住民在勞動市場的競爭力與所得水準，政策除了大專升學優待措施外，或許應加強原住民學生在基礎教育之資源投入。

This study aims to examine the impact of Taiwan preferential admission policy for Indigenous peoples on their higher education attainment and employment outcomes. In recent years, although the number of Indigenous students graduating from colleges and universities has increased significantly due to the implementation of additional quotas and bonus point systems, disparities in academic performance and dropout rates between Indigenous and non-Indigenous students persist. Given this context, it is necessary to investigate whether the policy not only improves access to higher education for Indigenous students, but also generates positive effects on their post-graduation outcomes. To this end, this study employs empirical data for analysis. The findings indicate that while the increase in college graduates has led to a gradual narrowing of the income gap between Indigenous individuals and the general population, the proportion of Indigenous individuals in higher income brackets remains notably lower. Further analysis suggests that this phenomenon is related to the lower rate of Indigenous students pursuing graduate studies and their concentration in specific occupational sectors. To enhance the competitiveness and income levels of Indigenous peoples in the labor market, beyond preferential admission policies for higher education, greater policy attention should be directed toward enhancing resource allocation for indigenous students in basic education.