永續願景與治理現實：臺北市政府在共享機車發展過程中從技術利基走向市場利基過程中的角色

Abstract

本研究旨在探討臺北市政府對共享機車之政策支持與創新產業促進策略，並以轉型理論中的策略利基管理（strategic niche management, SNM）作為研究途徑。為回應研究問題，利用次級資料分析與深度訪談方法彙整之資料，分析行動者（政府與業者）在法規介入前後的角色定位、網絡互動，以及共享機車融入城市運輸體系所面臨之挑戰與侷限。進而檢視共享機車由技術利基邁向市場利基的轉化歷程及其制度性條件。 研究發現，目前臺北市共享機車的發展受到制度導向的監管架構所限制。政府在初期介入確實有助於穩定技術導入與服務規模擴張，惟此一過程也揭示了政府在政策上重監管、輕促進的治理傾向。政府主要以維持交通體系穩定為首要考量，實質上扮演其擅長的規範制定者與監督者的角色，未能展現促進反身性學習的職能。儘管業者期待能與政府建立持續對話與動態調整的機制，政府目前仍傾向於追求法規的穩定性與一致性，缺乏針對市場需求與技術演進的即時回應與調整能力，導致雙方對整體穩定性的期待有落差。而目前臺北市共享機車的行動者互動網絡仍停留在資訊傳遞層次，尚未形成資源共享與共同學習的場域，進而限制共享機車有效融入臺北市交通運輸體系的發展進程。 本研究建議，政府應不僅止於以監管規範共享機車產業，亦應提供更明確的發展路徑圖與政策指引。政府與業者的互動應從深化行政契約內容著手，建立雙向的反身性學習機制，跳脫規管與被規管的從屬關係。業者亦應正視其產業長期仰賴公共資源運營的特性，維持必要的市場營運彈性的同時，配合政府管理。

This research explores the Taipei City Government’s policy support and industrial innovation strategies for scooter-sharing, adopting the framework of Strategic Niche Management (SNM) within transition theory. Through the analysis of secondary data and in-depth interviews, this study examines the roles of key actors (government and operators) before and after regulatory intervention, their network interactions, and the challenges and limitations in integrating scooter-sharing into the urban transportation system. The study further investigates the transformation process of scooter-sharing from a technological niche to a market niche, along with its institutional conditions. The findings indicate that the current development of scooter-sharing in Taipei is constrained by an institutionally driven regulatory framework. While initial government intervention helped stabilize technology deployment and scale up services, it also revealed a governance tendency that emphasizes regulation over promotion. The government prioritizes transportation system stability and assumes the roles of regulator and supervisor, but lacks a mechanism for fostering reflexive learning. Although operators seek ongoing dialogue and dynamic adjustment mechanisms with the government, the latter continues to favor regulatory consistency and stability, leading to a mismatch in expectations regarding systemic stability. Moreover, actor networks in Taipei’s scooter-sharing sector remain at the level of information exchange, without evolving into arenas for resource sharing and joint learning, thereby limiting the integration of scooter-sharing into the city’s transportation system. This study recommends that the government should move beyond mere regulatory control and instead provide clearer development roadmaps and policy guidance. Interaction between the government and operators could begin with enhancing the content of administrative contracts, establishing a bidirectional reflexive learning mechanism to move beyond the subordinate relationship between regulator and regulated. In turn, scooter-sharing operators should acknowledge the industry's reliance on public resources and maintain necessary operational flexibility while complying with government oversight.