產業群聚對研發與勞動生產力的影響：臺灣製造業廠商的研究

Abstract

本研究探討臺灣製造業的廠商群聚效應，主要分析其對研發投入與勞動生產力的影響。由於製造業向為臺灣經濟發展基石，因此本文以製造業為研究對象，利用2022年行政院主計總處所調查之工業及服務業普查原始資料，實證研究臺灣製造業廠商群聚效應對研發及勞動生產力的影響，研究方法上，我們分別以Tobit迴歸、複線性迴歸（Multiple Linear Regression）建立廠商群聚對研發及勞動生產力的實證模型。 實證結果顯示，廠商群聚對研發投入、研發密度及勞動生產力均具有顯著的正向影響，表示群聚環境有助於促進企業間的資源共享、知識外溢與合作網絡，從而提升廠商研發投入與勞動生產力。此外，我們亦發現智慧生產、自有品牌及專業技術同樣有顯著正向影響，顯示企業運用智慧技術能提升勞動生產力、促進研發；若廠商有進行品牌經營，將增加研發投入，以強化競爭優勢，提高勞動生產力，朝產品差異化目標邁進。另外，在技術導入下，也有助於縮短創新周期，進而帶動研發活動的發展，提升整體生產競爭力。 然而，研究亦發現，群聚廠商的外銷與海外生產活動，對研發投入及生產力未有正向影響，其原因有待進一步深入研究。至於不同地區的群聚效應對研發及勞動生產力的影響則較不明顯，在本文實證研究結果中無顯著差異。

This study investigates the agglomeration effects among manufacturing firms in Taiwan, focusing on their impact on R&D investment and labor productivity. As the manufacturing sector has long been a cornerstone of Taiwan’s economic development, this research utilizes micro-level data from the 2022 Industrial and Service Census conducted by the Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics (DGBAS). Empirical models are constructed using Tobit regression and multiple linear regression to analyze the influence of firm agglomeration on R&D activities and productivity outcomes. The empirical results reveal that firm agglomeration has a significantly positive effect on R&D investment, R&D intensity, and labor productivity. This suggests that agglomerated environments foster resource sharing, knowledge spillovers, and collaborative networks, thereby enhancing firms’ innovation capacity and operational efficiency. Furthermore, smart manufacturing, proprietary branding, and technical specialization are also found to have significant positive effects, indicating that the adoption of smart technologies and brand strategies contributes to improved productivity and stimulates R&D engagement. Technological advancement further accelerates innovation cycles, boosting overall production competitiveness. However, the study also finds that export orientation and overseas production activities among clustered firms do not exert a positive influence on R&D or productivity, highlighting the need for further investigation into the underlying causes. In addition, regional differences in agglomeration effects appear to be insignificant in this study, suggesting limited variation across locations.