從著作權與競爭法交錯之觀點分析著作真品平行輸入相關法制問題

Abstract

在近年來全球貿易蓬勃發展之潮流下，我國社會文化日趨多元化與國際化，國民對於外國書刊雜誌、CD、DVD等著作物之需求亦與日俱增。其中若係國民自行自國外購買攜回國內、或藉由向國外網路商店下單後郵寄回國內之情況，由於並非經由著作權人所授權之流通管道而輸入，係屬所謂的「真品平行輸入」（Parallel Import）行為。此時所輸入者雖為經著作權人授權合法重製，俗稱為真品（Genuine Goods）的合法重製物，但其輸入行為則未取得著作權人之授權，其進入國內市場非在著作權人之預期市場計畫內，將直接與市場上其他經由著作權人授權之流通事業產生競爭關係。 然而由於我國現行著作權法設有散布權與實質輸入權等規定，實際適用之結果，非但禁止「著作真品平行輸入」行為；縱令其輸入行為合法，亦有可能因其取得地點不在我國境內而導致其嗣後散布行為亦屬違法，而須負擔民、刑事責任。甚至，即使係在我國境內取得著作重製物之善意消費者，亦可能由於有權解釋機關對於所謂「合法重製物」概念之解釋不當，致其後續散布行為無法適用於第59條之1耗盡原則的規定，致一般民眾於無形中觸法而不自知，此種結果是否合理，實值深思。因此我國法現行對於著作真品平行輸入的規範究竟是否妥適，而如有不盡妥當之處又應如何改善，即為本論文所亟欲探討之問題。 本文擬透過比較法之介紹，分別由著作權法與競爭法之觀點分析著作真品平行輸入相關法制問題，就各國與此議題相關的立法背景與沿革、規範內容、實際運作狀況及相關配套等加以整理介紹，期能徹底釐清其各該法制的優劣之處及其所蘊藏之政策性考量，並在此基礎上進一步檢視我國現行法制之諸多缺失，最後嘗試由解釋論與立法論之角度提出筆者個人之淺見，謹供各界參考指教。

Parallel import of copyright works is the importation of goods without the authority of the copyright holder. In recent years the international trade of copyright works has been flourishing, and the discussion on parallel importation and exhaustion of copyright becomes ardent but divergent. However, the present regulations of parallel import in Taiwan are not appropriate theoretically and practically, thus the citizens in Taiwan offend against the rules unintentionally. This thesis is to analyze the complex situation of the parallel import of copyright works. Through the comparative analysis on American, European, Japanese, Australian and New Zealand law, it reveals that the countries such as U.S. and E.U. prefer to adopt national exhaustion or regional exhaustion to secure the rights and interests of copyright holders. On the contrary, countries like Japan, Australia and New Zealand take the side of international exhaustion for the purpose of stimulating competition in related markets and defending the interests of consumers. The regulatory diversity is mostly derived from the different administrative policies. Based on the comparative analysis from the aspect of copyright and competition law, this thesis attempts to constitute an adequate framework of the regulations of parallel import of copyright works. The thesis also aims at solving perplexing predicament in present regulation systems by addressing the legislative suggestions that relieve the Taiwanese consumers of potential improper criminal prosecutions.