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| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 張慶國 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Chin-Kuo Chang | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 陳欣妤 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author | Xin-Yu Chen | en |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-02-24T16:17:00Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2025-02-25 | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2025-02-24 | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2025 | - |
| dc.date.submitted | 2025-02-17 | - |
| dc.identifier.citation | 1.Caban. LBO. Physiology, Puberty: StatPearls; 2023.
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J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2024;34(4):601-9. 45.Su PH, Chang CK, Lin CY, Chen HY, Liao PC, Hsiung CA, et al. Prenatal exposure to phthalate ester and pubertal development in a birth cohort in central Taiwan: a 12-year follow-up study. Environ Res. 2015;136:324-30. 46.Su PH, Huang JY, Wang SJ, Chang HP. Phthalates exposure and pubertal development in a 15-year follow-up birth cohort study in Taiwan. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2023;14:1065918. 47.Kato K, Silva MJ, Needham LL, Calafat AM. Determination of 16 phthalate metabolites in urine using automated sample preparation and on-line preconcentration/high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chem. 2005;77(9):2985-91. 48.Su PH, Chen JY, Lin CY, Chen HY, Liao PC, Ying TH, et al. Sex steroid hormone levels and reproductive development of eight-year-old children following in utero and environmental exposure to phthalates. PLoS One. 2014;9(9):e102788. 49.Bayer LM. RADIOGRAPHIC ATLAS OF SKELETAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE HAND AND WRIST: Second Edition. California Medicine. 1959. 50.Rundle AT, Sylvester PE. Measurement of testicular volume. Its application to assessment of maturation, and its use in diagnosis of hypogonadism. Arch Dis Child. 1962;37(195):514-7. 51.Kuo CC, Su PH, Sun CW, Liu HJ, Chang CL, Wang SL. Early-life arsenic exposure promotes atherogenic lipid metabolism in adolescence: A 15-year birth cohort follow-up study in central Taiwan. Environ Int. 2018;118:97-105. 52.Badouraki M, Christoforidis A, Economou I, Dimitriadis AS, Katzos G. Evaluation of pelvic ultrasonography in the diagnosis and differentiation of various forms of sexual precocity in girls. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2008;32(6):819-27. 53.Buzi F, Pilotta A, Dordoni D, Lombardi A, Zaglio S, Adlard P. Pelvic ultrasonography in normal girls and in girls with pubertal precocity. Acta Paediatr. 1998;87(11):1138-45. 54.Breslow NE, Clayton DG. Approximate Inference in Generalized Linear Mixed Models. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 1993;88(421):9-25. 55.Nagin DS. Group-based trajectory modeling: an overview. Ann Nutr Metab. 2014;65(2-3):205-10. 56.Harley KG, Berger KP, Kogut K, Parra K, Lustig RH, Greenspan LC, et al. Association of phthalates, parabens and phenols found in personal care products with pubertal timing in girls and boys. Hum Reprod. 2019;34(1):109-17. | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/96857 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 背景：鄰苯二甲酸酯常用作塑化劑，儘管已有一些關於其對生殖系統影響的研究，說明其可能會影響兒童的青春期發展，鄰苯二甲酸酯仍廣泛應用於各種日常用品中。本研究探討了胎兒和兒童期鄰苯二甲酸酯的暴露與其青春期發展之間的相關性。
方法：於2000年12月1日至2001年11月30日之間建立一出生世代，並收集孕婦第三孕期的尿液樣本來評估母親暴露於鄰苯二甲酸酯的情況。其胎兒在出生後接受追蹤，並在8歲、11歲、14歲、17歲和21歲進行體格檢查，以監測青春期發展。兒童的尿液樣本也在2歲、5歲、8歲、11歲、14歲、17歲和21歲時收集。主要鄰苯二甲酸酯代謝物的尿液濃度——如單甲基鄰苯二甲酸酯（MMP）、單乙基鄰苯二甲酸酯（MEP）、單丁基鄰苯二甲酸酯（MBP）、單苯基鄰苯二甲酸酯（MBzP）、單2-乙基己基鄰苯二甲酸酯（MEHP）、單（2-乙基-5-羥基己基）鄰苯二甲酸酯（MEHHP）、單（2-乙基-5-氧代己基）鄰苯二甲酸酯（MEOHP）、單正丁基鄰苯二甲酸酯（MnBP）、單異丁基鄰苯二甲酸酯（MiBP）、單異壬基鄰苯二甲酸酯（MiNP）、單（2-羧甲基己基）鄰苯二甲酸酯（MCMHP）和單（2-乙基-5-羧基戊基）鄰苯二甲酸酯（MECPP）—— 使用液相色譜-串聯質譜測量。生殖發展測量包括男女的骨齡、男孩的睾丸大小和陰莖長度，以及女孩的子宮大小和卵巢體積。應用廣義線性混合模型（GLMM）和基於群組的軌跡建模（GBTM）來估計重複測量之連續變項之間的相關性。 結果：在女生的部分我們觀察到塑化劑的暴露與青春期的延遲有顯著相關，另外也發現塑化劑的暴露與子宮相關的參數較低有顯著的相關，在男生的結果我們也觀察到骨齡與實際年齡的比值可能會受到塑化劑暴露的影響。然而在兩個性別中，不同的成長軌跡間的塑化劑暴露均未顯示顯著的差異。 結論：特定時間點的鄰苯二甲酸酯暴露可能會影響兒童青春期的生殖發展；然而仍需進一步研究，擴大樣本規模並延長追蹤時間，以確立這種關聯的因果關係。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | Background: Phthalates are commonly used as plasticizers, and although there have been studies on their effects on the reproductive system, indicating that they may impact children's pubertal development, phthalates continue to be widely used in various everyday products. This study investigates the correlation between fetal and childhood exposure to phthalates and pubertal development.
Methods: A population-based birth cohort was created between December 1, 2000, and November 30, 2001, with maternal phthalate exposure assessed through urine samples collected during the third trimester of pregnancy. The children exposed to phthalates in utero were followed up to monitor pubertal development, with physical examinations conducted at ages 8, 11, 14, 17, and 21. Urine samples from the children were also collected at ages 2, 5, 8, 11, 14, 17, and 21. The urinary concentrations of key phthalate metabolites—such as monomethyl phthalate (MMP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-butyl phthalate (MBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP), Mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), Mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), Mono-isononyl phthalate (MiNP), Mono(2- carboxymethyl hexyl) phthalate (MCMHP), and Mono(2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl) phthalate (MECPP)—were measured using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. The reproductive development measurements included bone age for both genders, testicle size and penis length for boys, uterus size, and ovarian volume for girls. Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) and Group-Based Trajectory Modeling (GBTM) were applied to estimate the associations between repeated continuous outcomes. Results: In girls, we observed a significant association between phthalate exposure and delayed puberty. Additionally, phthalate exposure was significantly correlated with lower uterus-related parameters. In boys, we also found that the ratio of bone age to chronological age might be influenced by phthalate exposure. However, in both genders, phthalate exposure did not show significant differences across different growth trajectories. Conclusion: Phthalate exposure at certain time points may influence the reproductive development of children during puberty; however, further studies should be with a larger sample size and longer follow-up periods to conduct the causal nature of this association. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Submitted by admin ntu (admin@lib.ntu.edu.tw) on 2025-02-24T16:17:00Z No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2025-02-24T16:17:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | Content
中文摘要 i Abstract iii List of Figures viii List of Table ix Chapter 1 Background 1 Puberty 1 Hormonal mechanisms during puberty 1 Physical changes during puberty and the Tanner stages 2 Factors that may influence puberty 4 Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) 5 Endocrine-disrupting effects of Phthalate esters (PAEs) 7 Health effects of phthalate ester exposure 8 Research gaps 9 Hypotheses 10 Chapter 2 Methods 11 Study setting and baseline data collection 11 Exposure assessment 13 Outcome assessment 15 Statistical analysis 18 Chapter 3 Results 21 Baseline characteristics of pregnant women 21 Baseline characteristics of newborns 22 Exposure information of phthalates at the follow-up ages 22 Pubertal development landmarks of girls during follow-up 23 Pubertal development landmarks of boys during follow-up 23 Association between creatinine(μg/g)-corrected phthalate metabolites and Tanner stage for girls 24 Association between creatinine(μg/g)-corrected phthalate metabolites and bone age/chronological age ratio for girls 25 Association between creatinine(μg/g)-corrected phthalate metabolites and uterine length for girls 27 Association between creatinine(μg/g)-corrected phthalate metabolites and uterine cross-sectional area for girls 28 Association between creatinine(μg/g)-corrected phthalate metabolites and uterine fundo-cervical ratio for girls 29 Association between creatinine(μg/g)-corrected phthalate metabolites and ovarian volume for girls 30 Association between creatinine(μg/g)-corrected phthalate metabolites and Tanner stage for boys 31 Association between creatinine(μg/g)-corrected phthalate metabolites and bone age/chronological age ratio for boys 31 Association between creatinine(μg/g)-corrected phthalate metabolites and penis length for boys 33 Trajectory analysis 33 Chapter 4 Discussion 35 Main findings 35 Compared with previous studies 36 Strengths and limitations 38 Conclusion and perspectives 39 References 42 | - |
| dc.language.iso | zh_TW | - |
| dc.subject | 出生世代 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 長期追蹤 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 性別發育 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 骨齡 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 鄰苯二甲酸酯 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | sex development | en |
| dc.subject | phthalates | en |
| dc.subject | birth cohort | en |
| dc.subject | long-term follow-up | en |
| dc.subject | bone age | en |
| dc.title | 臺灣中部出生世代之兒童青春期發展與鄰苯二甲酸酯暴露間的相關性 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Association between Pubertal Development and Phthalate Ester Exposure in Children in a Birth Cohort in Central Taiwan | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | - |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 113-1 | - |
| dc.description.degree | 碩士 | - |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 于明暉;林于凱;王淑麗 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | Ming-Whei Yu;Yu-Kai Lin;Shu-Li Wang | en |
| dc.subject.keyword | 鄰苯二甲酸酯,出生世代,長期追蹤,骨齡,性別發育, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | phthalates,birth cohort,long-term follow-up,bone age,sex development, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 98 | - |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202500699 | - |
| dc.rights.note | 未授權 | - |
| dc.date.accepted | 2025-02-17 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 公共衛生學院 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 流行病學與預防醫學研究所 | - |
| dc.date.embargo-lift | N/A | - |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 流行病學與預防醫學研究所 | |
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