甘藷於食農教育之套裝組開發與應用

Abstract

《食農教育法》在2022年5月4日正式立法實施，為促進人民對於食農教育素養的重視與認識，提升食農教育的效果。 國立臺灣大學園藝暨景觀學系研究團隊已於2023和2024年陸續完成單植型(香草植物)、群植型(葉菜)及果菜類栽培套裝組研發，為求栽培套裝組研發的完整性，本研究繼續研發根莖類蔬菜—甘藷栽培套裝組及開發甘藷食農教育教案。 本研究以甘藷(Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.)作為材料，進行盆器型式、甘藷種類和品種、肥料比較試驗，並依據試驗結果研發甘藷栽培套裝組與甘藷食農教育教案。 根用甘藷(‘台農66號’)盆器試驗，種植於三種不同尺寸的盆器：分別為小盆器(Small container, S。內徑尺寸：45x17x13 cm，容量9 L)、中盆器(Medium container, M。內徑尺寸：58x20x25 cm，容量29 L)和大盆器(Large container, L。內徑尺寸：63.5x35.5x21 cm，46 L)。結果顯示：種植於M盆器和L盆器的塊根，不論是平均重量(82.27和70.82 g)或長度(14.50和12.92 cm)皆無顯著差異，但顯著大於S盆器(31.56 g和8.13 cm)；平均最大直徑則三盆器間無顯著差異；產量則是L盆器顯著高於其他兩盆器。綜合考量下，建議以M盆器作為根用甘藷栽培之容器。 根用甘藷品種(‘台農57號’、‘台農66號’和‘台農73號’)及收穫期(種植3、4和5個月)試驗結果顯示：塊根的平均重量與平均最大直徑，所有品種均以第5個月採收顯著高於第3個月採收；平均長度，除了‘台農73號’第5個月採收(18.30 cm)顯著高於第3個月採收(15.01 cm)，其他兩品種則在不同收穫期間皆不具顯著差異；產量方面，‘台農57號’和‘台農66號’第5個月採收(2.97 kg和2.84 kg)顯著高於第4個月採收(1.82 kg和1.93 kg)又顯著高於第3個月採收(1.10 kg和0.92 kg)；‘台農66號’第5個月採收(2.47 kg)顯著高於第3(1.20 kg)和第4個(1.59 kg)月採收。若在學校礙於教學時間有限，推薦可於種植3或4個月時就採收；時間充足可至5個月後採收。另外‘台農73號’在採收時無裂藷發生，推薦可優先種植此品種。 葉用甘藷(‘台農71號’)盆器試驗，其選用的盆器種類與根用甘藷盆器試驗同。結果顯示：每平方公尺可採收15 cm嫩梢的枝條數，在第1次和第2次採收，M盆器和S盆器間無顯著差異，在其他次採收則M盆器能採收的枝條數顯著高於S盆器。從第2次採收開始M盆器可採收的枝條數顯著高於L盆器；在每平方公尺產量，第1次採收，三種盆器皆無顯著差異。第2次採收則M盆器和S盆器顯著高於L盆器。其他次採收，則M盆器顯著高於其他兩盆器。綜合生長、產量調查及盆器移動便利性，建議M盆器作為栽培葉用甘藷之容器。 葉用甘藷(‘台農71號’)肥料試驗，有4種肥料處理：基肥組(以下稱Basal fertilizer, BF)、基肥+ Peters 30-10-10 [以下稱BF+(30-10-10)]、基肥+ Peters 20-20-20[以下稱BF+(20-20-20)]和基肥+ Peters 15-10-30[以下稱BF+(15-10-30)]。結果顯示：可採收15 cm枝條數， BF+(30-10-10)和BF+(15-10-30) 在第3次採收無顯著差異；其他次採收BF+(30-10-10)都顯著高於其他處理。產量方面，在第3次採收BF+(30-10-10)和BF+(15-10-30)間無顯著差異但顯著高於其他處理，在其他次採收則BF+(30-10-10)有最多的產量；BF除了第1次採收與其他處理無顯著差異外，其他次採收產量都是最少的。故推薦種植葉用甘藷時，能搭配施用Peters 30-10-10的速效肥配方。 以群植型栽培套裝組內容物為基礎，依據上述的研究結果調整物件內容，並收集甘藷相關文獻撰寫教案。甘藷栽培套裝組包含：盆器、介質、緩效肥、兩款速效肥、苦楝油、移植鏝、塑膠量杯、噴壺和標牌，共10樣物件；教案內容有6單元分別為《我藷誰》、《藷於我的生活》、《健康藷於我》、《現煮藷(一)》-圓來藷芋泥、《現煮藷(二)》-甘溫和《藷成了》。兩者相互配合教學使用，以利提升學生對甘藷的相關知識的認識、累積實際操作的經驗。

The "Food and Agricultural Education Act" was officially enacted on May 4, 2022. In order to promote people's attention and understanding of food and agricultural education literacy and improve the effectiveness of food and agriculture education. The research team from NTU Floriculture completed the development of cultivation kits for single planting (herbs), cluster planting (leafy vegetables), and fruit vegetables in 2023 and 2024. To ensure the completeness of the cultivation kit development, this research will continue to develop a tuberous root vegetable-sweet potato cultivation kit and a food and agricultural education lesson plan. This research used sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.) as the material to conduct experiments on container types, sweet potato cultivars, and fertilizers. Based on the results of these experiments, a sweet potato cultivation kit and a sweet potato food and agricultural education lesson plan were developed. In the tuberous root sweet potato (‘Tainung 66’) container experiment, planted in containers of three different sizes: small container (S: inner dimensions 45x17x13 cm, 9 L), medium container (M: inner dimensions 58x20x25 cm, 29 L), and large container (L: inner dimensions 63.5x35.5x21 cm, 46 L). The results showed that there was no significant difference in the average weight (82.27 and 70.82 g) or length (14.50 and 12.92 cm) of the tuberous roots planted in M and L container, but they were significantly larger than those in S container (31.56 g and 8.13 cm). There was no significant difference in the average maximum diameter among the three containers. Yield was significantly higher in L than in the other two containers. Considering all factors, the M is recommended as the optimal container for cultivating tuberous root sweet potato. The results of the sweet potato cultivars (‘Tainung 57’, ‘Tainung 66’, and ‘Tainung 73’) and harvest periods (3, 4, and 5 months after planting) experiments showed that for all cultivars, the average weight and maximum diameter of the tuberous roots were significantly higher in the 5th month than in the 3rd month. Regarding average length, ‘Tainung 73’ in the 5th month (18.30 cm) was significantly longer than in the 3rd month (15.01 cm), while there was no significant difference between the other two varieties in different harvest periods. In terms of yield, ‘Tainung 57’ and ‘Tainung 66’ in the 5th month (2.97 kg and 2.84 kg) were significantly higher than in the 4th month (1.82 kg and 1.93 kg), which were also significantly higher than in the 3rd month (1.10 kg and 0.92 kg). For ‘Tainung 66’, the yield in the 5th month (2.47 kg) was significantly higher than in the 3rd (1.20 kg) and 4th (1.59 kg) month. Considering the limited time available for teaching, it is recommended to harvest after 3 or 4 months of planting. If more time is available, harvesting after 5 months is preferable. Additionally, since ‘Tainung 73’ didn’t any cracked roots at harvest, this cultivar is recommended for priority planting. In the container experiment for leafy sweet potato (‘Tainung 71’), the same container types as those used in the tuberous root sweet potato experiment. The results showed that the number of 15 cm shoots harvested per square meter, there was no significant difference between M and S in the first and second harvests, but in the later harvests, M produced significantly more shoots than S. From the 2nd harvest, M also produced significantly more shoots than L. In terms of yield per square meter, there was no significant difference among the three containers in the 1st harvest, but in the 2nd harvest, M and S produced significantly more than L. In subsequent harvests, M produced significantly more than the other two containers. Considering overall growth, yield performance, and the ease of moving the containers, M is recommended as the optimal container for cultivating leafy sweet potato. In the fertilizer experiment for leafy sweet potato (‘Tainung 71’), 4 fertilizer treatments were tested: basal fertilizer (referred to as BF), basal fertilizer + Peters 30-10-10 [referred to as BF+(30-10-10)], basal fertilizer + Peters 20-20-20 [referred to as BF+(20-20-20)], and basal fertilizer + Peters 15-10-30 [referred to as BF+(15-10-30)]. The results showed that the number of 15 cm shoots harvested in the 3rd harvest had no significant difference between BF+(30-10-10) and BF+(15-10-30), but in other harvests, BF+(30-10-10) was significantly higher than the other treatments. In terms of yield, the 3rd harvest showed no significant difference between BF+(30-10-10) and BF+(15-10-30), but both were significantly higher than the other treatments. In other harvests, BF+(30-10-10) produced the highest yield. Except for the 1st harvest, where there was no significant difference between BF and the other treatments, BF consistently had the lowest yield in subsequent harvests. Therefore, Peters 30-10-10 is recommended use in the leafy sweet potato cultivation. Based on the contents of the group-planting cultivation kit, adjust the kit items according to above-mentioned results, and collect relevant literature on sweet potatoes to write a teaching plan. The sweet potato cultivation kit includes: pots, growing medium, slow-release fertilizer, two types of quick-acting fertilizers, neem oil, a transplant trowel, a plastic measuring cup, a spray bottle, and labels—a total of 10 items. The teaching plan consists of six units: "Sweet Potato Introduction", "Sweet Potatoes History and Management ", " Sweet Potatoes Benefit", " Cooking activity Ⅰ ", "Cooking activity Ⅱ ", and " Sweet Potato Harvest". Both of them helping to enhance students' knowledge of sweet potatoes and accumulate hands-on experience