震動滾筒對急性肌肉疲勞後肌肉形態學及運動表現之效應

Abstract

急性肌肉疲勞會降低運動員的表現，並增加軟組織損傷的風險。急性肌肉疲勞恢復的策略很多，其中震動滾筒可以在短時間內改善急性肌肉疲勞後的運動表現；但目前尚不清楚震動滾筒改善急性肌肉疲勞後運動表現的機制。先前超音波影像文獻指出肌肉的肌束長度與爆發力或運動表現有高度相關性，且肌束長度會因急性肌肉疲勞而有所改變，也會降低運動表現。故本研究計畫旨在檢測震動滾筒對於急性肌肉疲勞後的肌肉疲勞恢復及運動表現的變化，用以探討震動滾筒對短時間肌束長度與下蹲跳高度的影響。本研究計畫的意義在於對需要短期多場比賽的選手提供疲勞恢復又不影響運動表現的方法。 本研究徵召44名健康且規律運動之成人進行實驗。以隨機方式決定實驗組或控制組，用以比較急性疲勞的腓腸肌在施行震動滾筒或一般滾筒介入後之立即效應。量測變項包括腓腸肌肌束長度及單腳下蹲跳跳躍高度。使用全景超音波影像進行腓腸肌影像擷取，以Image J程式進行肌束長度的量測。跳躍高度則使用自製跳躍量測板測量。實驗進行時，先量測受試者肌束長度及跳躍高度的基線資料，再以2組單腳墊腳運動誘發受試者的腓腸肌產生急性疲勞，並量測疲勞後肌束長度及跳躍高度改變。再依隨機分配的組別，分別施以震動滾筒或一般滾筒的介入。介入後再次量測肌束長度及跳躍高度，所得數據將使用SPSS v.25軟體進行統計分析。 本研究主要結果為：(一) 使用全景超音波影像量測收縮中肌束長度有優異的信度；(二) 於急性肌肉疲勞後，施行震動滾筒介入能減少肌束收縮時的長度、增加收縮效能，並恢復至基值；(三) 於急性肌肉疲勞後，施行震動滾筒或一般滾筒皆能增加單腳下蹲跳躍高度，然而只有震動滾筒能恢復至基值。 本研究為世界首度使用全景超音波影像於肌肉急性疲勞後，觀察使用震動滾筒對腓腸肌肌束長度的變化。本研究發現震動滾筒能有效恢復急性疲勞的肌束及跳躍高度，且其效果優於一般滾筒。因此未來研究可藉此觀察不同的參數，包括：震動頻率、滾動時的壓力以及適用組群等。可藉此了解各類群族所適用頻率及方式也達到急性肌肉疲勞短時間內快速恢復的最大效果。

Acute muscle fatigue may impair athlete performance and increase the risk of soft tissue injuries. Various strategies exist to recover from acute muscle fatigue, but only vibration foam rolling has benefits both quick fatigue recovery and sports performance improvement. However, the underlying mechanism of vibration foam rolling remains unclear. Previous ultrasonography studies have shown a high correlation between muscle fascicle length and explosive strength or sport performance. Additionally, muscle fascicle length is altered when acute muscle fatigue exists, leading to decreased sport performance. Therefore, this research project aims to examine the changes in muscle fascicle length and countermovement jump height following vibration foam rolling for individuals with acute muscle fatigue. The significant of this research project will provide insight into understanding how vibration foam rolling can help athletes who have several competitions or high-intensity training in a day and require to get fatigue recovery without losing his/her performance in a short period time. Forty-four healthy adults with regular exercise will be recruited for experiment. Participants will be randomly assigned either to an experimental group or a control group to compare the immediate effects of vibration foam rolling or non-vibration foam rolling on fatigued gastrocnemius muscles. Two measurement variables will be collected, including gastrocnemius muscle fascicle length and single-leg counter-movement jump height. All gastrocnemius muscle images will be acquired using ultrasonography with panoramic view and then muscle fascicle length will be measured using the Image J software. Counter-movement jump height will be measured using a custom-made jump measurement board. During the experiment, muscle fascicle length and jump height will be measured prior to any intervention for each participant, which are served as the baseline data. Acute fatigue in the gastrocnemius muscles will be induced using 2 sets single-leg heel raises until fatigue, and muscle fascicle length and jump height will be measured again after acute muscle fatigue to ensure the fatigue status. Participants will then receive either vibration foam rolling or non-vibration foam rolling based on random allocation. Fascicle length and jump height will be measured again post-intervention. All data collected will be statistically analyzed using SPSS v.25 software. The results of the present research were: (1) The intra-reliability of panoramic ultrasonography were excellent reliability for fascicle length measurement during contraction; (2) After acute muscle fatigue, vibration foam rolling could decrease fascicle length during contraction, increase contraction capacity, and returned to baseline; (3) After acute muscle fatigue, both the vibrating foam rolling and foam rolling could increase single-leg count movement jump height, but only vibration foam roller can retuened to baseline. This was the first research that after acute muscle fatigue, using panoramic ultrasonography to investigate the changes in gastrocnemius fascicle length after using vibration foam rolling in the world. The research found that the vibration foam rolling effectively recovery fatigued fascicles and jump height, with effects superior than foam rolling. Future research could investigate different parameters, including vibration frequency, pressure during rolling, and applicable populations, to determine the optimal frequencies and methods for various groups to achieve maximum recovery from acute muscle fatigue in a short period.