臺灣公開水域競技游泳發展策略

Abstract

臺灣四面環海，擁有豐富的水域資源，但公開水域競技游泳的發展仍面臨諸多挑戰。公開水域游泳是一項在海洋、湖泊、河流等開放水域中進行的游泳活動，近年來臺灣選手在國際賽事中表現優異，顯示了該運動具有發展的潛力。然而，訓練場地不足、不明確的法規政策以及有限的比賽機會，成為發展公開水域游泳的主要障礙。因此，本研究目的為運用De Bosscher等人提出的SPLISS模型，分析臺灣公開水域競技游泳的現況，並制定具體的發展策略，以提升臺灣在國際上競爭力。這九項關鍵因子包括經費的支援、政策發展的整合、運動參與率、人才選拔及培育系統、運動生涯時期及退役後的補助、訓練設施、教練的培訓及發展系統、參與國際運動賽事及運動科學研究，這些因子將作為分析和建議的基礎。 本研究採用質性研究方法，結合深度訪談和文獻分析法，進行系統性的分析。訪談對象包括教育部體育署官員、專家學者、中華民國游泳協會行政人員、國家運動訓練中心的總教練及國家隊選手，以了解各層面對於公開水域游泳發展的看法和經驗。 本研究根據訪談內容進行分析，歸納出臺灣公開水域競技游泳發展策略之九大面向，研究結果發現：（1）強化資源分配的公平性與效率，（2）促進政策協調與有效整合，（3）提升運動參與率，（4）完善人才培育與選拔機制，（5）增強退役後運動員的職涯支持與保障，（6）改善並增加訓練設施，（7）健全教練培訓與發展系統，（8）增加參與國際賽事的機會，以及（9）推廣並深化運動科學的應用。 期研究成果可作為臺灣公開水域競技游泳未來發展中的參考依據，進一步提升臺灣選手在國際賽事中的競爭力，並推動公開水域競技游泳的全面發展。

Taiwan, surrounded by the sea and blessed with abundant aquatic resources, faces numerous challenges in the development of open water competitive swimming. Open water swimming, an activity conducted in natural water bodies such as oceans, lakes, and rivers, has shown significant potential for growth, as evidenced by the outstanding performances of Taiwanese athletes in recent international competitions. However, the sport's development is hindered by issues such as insufficient training facilities, unclear regulatory policies, and limited competition opportunities. This study aims to analyze the current state of open water competitive swimming in Taiwan using the SPLISS (Sports Policy factors Leading to International Sporting Success) model proposed by De Bosscher et al. The analysis focuses on nine critical factors: financial support, integrated policy development, sports participation rates, talent identification and development systems, career and post-retirement support, training facilities, coach education and development systems, international competition participation, and sports science research. These factors serve as the foundation for the analysis and development of specific strategies to enhance Taiwan's international competitiveness. A qualitative research method was employed, incorporating in-depth interviews and literature analysis to conduct a systematic examination. Interview participants included officials from the Ministry of Education’s Sports Administration, experts and scholars, administrative personnel from the Chinese Taipei Swimming Association, the head coach of the National Sports Training Center, and national team athletes. The interviews provided insights into various perspectives and experiences related to the development of open water swimming. The study synthesizes the interview findings and identifies nine key strategies for the development of open water competitive swimming in Taiwan: (1) enhancing fairness and efficiency in resource allocation, (2) promoting policy coordination and effective integration, (3) increasing sports participation rates, (4) improving talent development and selection mechanisms, (5) strengthening career support and guarantees for retired athletes, (6) upgrading and expanding training facilities, (7) establishing comprehensive coaching education and development systems, (8) increasing opportunities for international competition participation, and (9) advancing the application of sports science. The findings of this study can serve as a reference for the future development of open water competitive swimming in Taiwan, aiming to enhance the international competitiveness of Taiwanese athletes and promote the comprehensive growth of the sport.