請用此 Handle URI 來引用此文件：
http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/96490完整後設資料紀錄
| DC 欄位 | 值 | 語言 |
|---|---|---|
| dc.contributor.advisor | 李文雄 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Wen-Hsiung Li | en |
| dc.contributor.author | 陳麒安 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.author | Chi-An Chen | en |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-02-19T16:12:25Z | - |
| dc.date.available | 2025-02-20 | - |
| dc.date.copyright | 2025-02-19 | - |
| dc.date.issued | 2025 | - |
| dc.date.submitted | 2025-01-25 | - |
| dc.identifier.citation | 1 King, M.-C. & Wilson, A. C. Evolution at two levels in humans and chimpanzees: Their macromolecules are so alike that regulatory mutations may account for their biological differences. science 188, 107-116 (1975).
2 Enard, W. et al. Molecular evolution of FOXP2, a gene involved in speech and language. Nature 418, 869-872, doi:10.1038/nature01025 (2002). 3 Caceres, M. et al. Elevated gene expression levels distinguish human from non-human primate brains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100, 13030-13035, doi:10.1073/pnas.2135499100 (2003). 4 Nowick, K., Gernat, T., Almaas, E. & Stubbs, L. Differences in human and chimpanzee gene expression patterns define an evolving network of transcription factors in brain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106, 22358-22363, doi:10.1073/pnas.0911376106 (2009). 5 Brawand, D. et al. The evolution of gene expression levels in mammalian organs. Nature 478, 343-348, doi:10.1038/nature10532 (2011). 6 Konopka, G. et al. Human-specific transcriptional networks in the brain. Neuron 75, 601-617, doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2012.05.034 (2012). 7 McLean, C. Y. et al. Human-specific loss of regulatory DNA and the evolution of human-specific traits. Nature 471, 216-219, doi:10.1038/nature09774 (2011). 8 Zhang, X., Fang, B. & Huang, Y. F. Transcription factor binding sites are frequently under accelerated evolution in primates. Nat Commun 14, 783, doi:10.1038/s41467-023-36421-3 (2023). 9 Berto, S. & Nowick, K. Species-specific changes in a primate transcription factor network provide insights into the molecular evolution of the primate prefrontal cortex. Genome Biology and Evolution 10, 2023-2036 (2018). 10 Stepchenko, A. G. et al. Primate-specific stress-induced transcription factor POU2F1Z protects human neuronal cells from stress. Sci Rep 11, 18808, doi:10.1038/s41598-021-98323-y (2021). 11 Hamilton, A. et al. Evolutionary expansion and divergence in a large family of primate-specific zinc finger transcription factor genes. Genome Research 16 (2005). 12 Kapopoulou, A., Mathew, L., Wong, A., Trono, D. & Jensen, J. D. The evolution of gene expression and binding specificity of the largest transcription factor family in primates. Evolution 70, 167-180, doi:10.1111/evo.12819 (2016). 13 Benito-Kwiecinski, S. et al. An early cell shape transition drives evolutionary expansion of the human forebrain. Cell 184, 2084-2102 e2019, doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.02.050 (2021). 14 Caglayan, E. et al. Molecular features driving cellular complexity of human brain evolution. Nature 620, 145-153, doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06338-4 (2023). 15 Xu, C. et al. Human-specific features of spatial gene expression and regulation in eight brain regions. Genome Res 28, 1097-1110, doi:10.1101/gr.231357.117 (2018). 16 Lenhard, B. & Wasserman, W. W. TFBS: Computational framework for transcription factor binding site analysis. Bioinformatics 18, 1135-1136, doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/18.8.1135 (2002). 17 Howe, K. L. et al. Ensembl 2021. Nucleic Acids Res 49, D884-D891, doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa942 (2021). 18 Nurk, S. et al. The complete sequence of a human genome. Science 376, 44-53, doi:10.1126/science.abj6987 (2022). 19 Luo, Y. et al. New developments on the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) data portal. Nucleic Acids Res 48, D882-D889, doi:10.1093/nar/gkz1062 (2020). 20 Kent, W. J. et al. The human genome browser at UCSC. Genome research 12, 996-1006 (2002). 21 Shumate, A. & Salzberg, S. L. Liftoff: accurate mapping of gene annotations. Bioinformatics 37, 1639-1643, doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa1016 (2021). 22 Grant, C. E., Bailey, T. L. & Noble, W. S. FIMO: scanning for occurrences of a given motif. Bioinformatics 27, 1017-1018, doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btr064 (2011). 23 Haberle, V. & Stark, A. Eukaryotic core promoters and the functional basis of transcription initiation. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 19, 621-637, doi:10.1038/s41580-018-0028-8 (2018). 24 Quinlan, A. R. & Hall, I. M. BEDTools: a flexible suite of utilities for comparing genomic features. Bioinformatics 26, 841-842, doi:10.1093/bioinformatics/btq033 (2010). 25 Li, D. et al. An evaluation of RNA-seq differential analysis methods. PLoS One 17, e0264246, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0264246 (2022). 26 Yu, C.-P. et al. Discovering unknown human and mouse transcription factor binding sites and their characteristics from ChIP-seq data. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, e2026754118 (2021). 27 Milacic, M. et al. The Reactome Pathway Knowledgebase 2024. Nucleic Acids Res 52, D672-D678, doi:10.1093/nar/gkad1025 (2024). 28 Sudhof, T. C. Neuroligins and neurexins link synaptic function to cognitive disease. Nature 455, 903-911, doi:10.1038/nature07456 (2008). 29 Vardar, G. et al. Distinct Functions of Syntaxin-1 in Neuronal Maintenance, Synaptic Vesicle Docking, and Fusion in Mouse Neurons. J Neurosci 36, 7911-7924, doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1314-16.2016 (2016). 30 Zhang, S. Q. et al. Intragenic CNTN4 copy number variants associated with a spectrum of neurobehavioral phenotypes. Eur J Med Genet 63, 103736, doi:10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.103736 (2020). 31 Orthmann-Murphy, J. L. et al. Hereditary spastic paraplegia is a novel phenotype for GJA12/GJC2 mutations. Brain 132, 426-438 (2009). 32 Sheng, J., Xu, J., Geng, K. & Liu, D. Sema6D Regulates Zebrafish Vascular Patterning and Motor Neuronal Axon Growth in Spinal Cord. Front Mol Neurosci 15, 854556, doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.854556 (2022). 33 Nakanishi, Y. et al. Semaphorin 6D tunes amygdalar circuits for emotional, metabolic, and inflammatory outputs. Neuron 112, 2955-2972 e2959, doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.06.017 (2024). 34 Nakazawa, T. et al. Emerging roles of ARHGAP33 in intracellular trafficking of TrkB and pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. Nat Commun 7, 10594, doi:10.1038/ncomms10594 (2016). 35 Tan, H. L., Chiu, S. L., Zhu, Q. & Huganir, R. L. GRIP1 regulates synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 117, 25085-25091, doi:10.1073/pnas.2014827117 (2020). 36 Xu, L. et al. Inhibition of Smad3 in macrophages promotes Abeta efflux from the brain and thereby ameliorates Alzheimer's pathology. Brain Behav Immun 95, 154-167, doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2021.03.013 (2021). 37 Wang, Y., Hua, K. & Xin, W. (BMJ Specialist Journals, 2023). 38 van Tol, S. et al. VAMP8 Contributes to the TRIM6-Mediated Type I Interferon Antiviral Response during West Nile Virus Infection. J Virol 94, doi:10.1128/JVI.01454-19 (2020). 39 Wang, L. & Diao, J. VAMP8 phosphorylation regulates lysosome dynamics during autophagy. Autophagy Rep 1, 79-82, doi:10.1080/27694127.2022.2031378 (2022). 40 Llobet, D. et al. VAMP8 and serotonin transporter levels are associated with venous thrombosis risk in a Spanish female population. Results from the RETROVE Project. Thromb Res 181, 99-105, doi:10.1016/j.thromres.2019.07.023 (2019). 41 Liu, Y. et al. Downregulation of SMIM3 inhibits growth of leukemia via PI3K-AKT signaling pathway and correlates with prognosis of adult acute myeloid leukemia with normal karyotype. J Transl Med 20, 612, doi:10.1186/s12967-022-03831-8 (2022). 42 Fathzadeh, M. et al. FAM13A affects body fat distribution and adipocyte function. Nat Commun 11, 1465, doi:10.1038/s41467-020-15291-z (2020). 43 Chen, Q. et al. FAM13A regulates cellular senescence marker p21 and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species production in airway epithelial cells. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 325, L460-L466, doi:10.1152/ajplung.00141.2023 (2023). 44 Jin, Z. et al. Regulation of nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling and function of Family with sequence similarity 13, member A (Fam13a), by B56-containing PP2As and Akt. Mol Biol Cell 26, 1160-1173, doi:10.1091/mbc.E14-08-1276 (2015). 45 Zhao, R. et al. The autism risk gene CNTN4 modulates dendritic spine formation. Hum Mol Genet 31, 207-218, doi:10.1093/hmg/ddab233 (2021). 46 Bamford, R. A. et al. CNTN4 modulates neural elongation through interplay with APP. Open Biology 14, 240018 (2024). 47 Li, L. et al. SLC5A3 is important for cervical cancer cell growth. International Journal of Biological Sciences 19, 2787 (2023). 48 Lu, X., Fan, Y., Li, M., Chang, X. & Qian, J. HTR2B and SLC5A3 Are Specific Markers in Age-Related Osteoarthritis and Involved in Apoptosis and Inflammation of Osteoarthritis Synovial Cells. Front Mol Biosci 8, 691602, doi:10.3389/fmolb.2021.691602 (2021). 49 Zhou, Y.-T. et al. Sperm protein antigen 17 expression correlates with lymph node metastasis and worse overall survival in patients with breast cancer. Frontiers in Oncology 9, 710 (2019). 50 Xu, X. et al. A familial study of twins with severe asthenozoospermia identified a homozygous SPAG17 mutation by whole-exome sequencing. Clin Genet 93, 345-349, doi:10.1111/cge.13059 (2018). 51 Komachali, S. R., Sheikholeslami, M. & Salehi, M. A novel mutation in GJC2 associated with hypomyelinating leukodystrophy type 2 disorder. Genomics Inform 20, e24, doi:10.5808/gi.22008 (2022). 52 Abrams, C. K. Mechanisms of Diseases Associated with Mutation in GJC2/Connexin 47. Biomolecules 13, doi:10.3390/biom13040712 (2023). 53 Ghasemi, A., Tavasoli, A. R., Khojasteh, M., Rohani, M. & Alavi, A. Description of Phenotypic Heterogeneity in a GJC2-Related Family and Literature Review. Mol Syndromol 14, 405-415, doi:10.1159/000529678 (2023). 54 Owczarek-Lipska, M. et al. Novel mutations in the GJC2 gene associated with Pelizaeus-Merzbacher-like disease. Mol Biol Rep 46, 4507-4516, doi:10.1007/s11033-019-04906-4 (2019). 55 Amllal, N., Lyahyai, J., Elalaoui, S. C., El Kadiri, Y. & Sefiani, A. Novel Splice Site Pathogenic Variant in STXBP1 Gene in a Child with Intellectual Disability, Epilepsy, and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Case Report. Mol Syndromol 15, 421-426, doi:10.1159/000538115 (2024). 56 Takeda, K. et al. Mutation in the STXBP1 Gene Associated with Early Onset West Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review. Pediatr Rep 14, 386-395, doi:10.3390/pediatric14040046 (2022). 57 Hannou, L. et al. Regulation of the Neuroligin-1 Gene by Clock Transcription Factors. J Biol Rhythms 33, 166-178, doi:10.1177/0748730418761236 (2018). 58 Kilaru, V. et al. Genome-wide gene-based analysis suggests an association between Neuroligin 1 (NLGN1) and post-traumatic stress disorder. Translational psychiatry 6, e820-e820 (2016). 59 Tanaka, T. et al. Hybrid in vitro/in silico analysis of low‐affinity protein–protein interactions that regulate signal transduction by Sema6D. Protein Science 31, e4452 (2022). 60 Finan, G. M., Kwak, C., Hyun‐Woo, R. & Kim, T. W. Sema6D Promotes TREM2‐dependent Phagocytosis in Human iPSC‐derived Microglia. Alzheimer's & Dementia 18, e062563 (2022). 61 Albanus, R. et al. Systematic analysis of cellular crosstalk reveals a role for SEMA6D-TREM2 regulating microglial function in Alzheimer’s disease. (2022). 62 Hirai, T. et al. Sema6D forward signaling impairs T cell activation and proliferation in head and neck cancer. JCI Insight 9, doi:10.1172/jci.insight.166349 (2024). 63 Koprulu, M., Kumare, A., Bibi, A., Malik, S. & Tolun, A. The first adolescent case of Fraser syndrome 3, with a novel nonsense variant in GRIP1. Am J Med Genet A 185, 1858-1863, doi:10.1002/ajmg.a.62163 (2021). 64 Vogel, M. J. et al. Mutations in GRIP1 cause Fraser syndrome. J Med Genet 49, 303-306, doi:10.1136/jmedgenet-2011-100590 (2012). 65 Jager, R. et al. Effects of Tulp4 deficiency on murine embryonic development and adult phenotype. Microsc Res Tech 87, 854-866, doi:10.1002/jemt.24476 (2024). 66 Ma, N. et al. RETRACTED: circTulp4 functions in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis by regulating its parental gene, Tulp4. Mol Ther 29, 2167-2181, doi:10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.02.008 (2021). 67 Bergamasco, M. I. et al. KAT6B is required for histone 3 lysine 9 acetylation and SOX gene expression in the developing brain. Life Science Alliance 8 (2025). 68 Klaniewska, M. et al. Clinical heterogeneity of polish patients with KAT6B-related disorder. Mol Genet Genomic Med 11, e2265, doi:10.1002/mgg3.2265 (2023). 69 Miller, S. A. et al. Novel variant in the KAT6B gene associated with Say Barber Biesecker Young Simpson. Clin Dysmorphol 32, 175-179, doi:10.1097/MCD.0000000000000469 (2023). 70 Back, W., Mierzwa, A. & Mahfooz, N. Genitopatellar Syndrome With a Novel Variant in the KAT6B Gene: Supporting Spectrum Delineation. Cureus 16, e69989, doi:10.7759/cureus.69989 (2024). 71 Liu, Y. et al. SPSB3 targets SNAIL for degradation in GSK-3beta phosphorylation-dependent manner and regulates metastasis. Oncogene 37, 768-776, doi:10.1038/onc.2017.370 (2018). 72 Qu, X. & Zhang, L. Effect of ABCE1-silencing gene, transfected by electrotransfer, on the proliferation, invasion, and migration of human thyroid carcinoma SW579 cells. Genet Mol Res 14, 14680-14689, doi:10.4238/2015.November.18.32 (2015). 73 Huang, B., Zhou, H., Lang, X. & Liu, Z. siRNA‑induced ABCE1 silencing inhibits proliferation and invasion of breast cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 10, 1685-1690, doi:10.3892/mmr.2014.2424 (2014). 74 Wang, L., Zhang, M. & Liu, D. X. Knock-down of ABCE1 gene induces G1/S arrest in human oral cancer cells. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 7, 5495-5504 (2014). 75 Mao, Y.-Q. et al. DPCD is a regulator of R2TP in ciliogenesis initiation through Akt signaling. Cell Reports 43 (2024). 76 Zariwala, M. et al. Investigation of the possible role of a novel gene, DPCD, in primary ciliary dyskinesia. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 30, 428-434, doi:10.1165/rcmb.2003-0338RC (2004). | - |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/96490 | - |
| dc.description.abstract | 人類與其他靈長類的分化引起了廣泛關注，我們的重點在揭示推動人類特有特徵的基因和調控機制。本研究發現並鑑定了僅存在於人類中的轉錄因子（TF）與目標基因配對。通過利用高通量數據（如 ChIP-seq），我們預測了跨物種的 TF 結合位點。通過應用位置權重矩陣（PWMs）和 FIMO 軟體，我們鑑定了 844 對近端和 403 對遠端啟動子的人類特有 TF 與目標基因配對，分別獲得 320 和 231 個人類特有的近端和遠端目標基因，以及 246 和 231 個 TFs。
這些 TF 與目標基因配對通過人類腦類器官（cerebral organoids）和後扣帶皮質（posterior cingulate cortex）的基因表達數據進行驗證，揭示了人類與非人類靈長類之間的顯著表達差異。功能富集分析表明，這些配對高度相關於對腦部發育、神經系統功能和認知特化至關重要的生物過程。值得注意的例子包括 CNTN4 和 SEMA6D二基因，它們參與軸突導向和神經迴路的形成。 此外，通路分析強調了人類特有的 TF 與目標基因配對參與“Neurexins and Neuroligins”通路，這是一個調控突觸(synapse)組織與神經傳遞的關鍵調節器。例如，NLGN1 和 STXBP1 二基因表現出人類特有的調控變化與獨特的表達模式，暗示它們在塑造人類大腦功能複雜性方面的作用。 本研究提供了關於人類演化分子適應的關鍵見解。人類特有調控機制的鑑定為深入理解人類特有特徵（尤其是與高級神經與認知功能相關的特徵）的遺傳與表觀遺傳基礎提供了支持。 | zh_TW |
| dc.description.abstract | The conspicuous phenotypic divergences between humans and non-human primates have garnered much attention, aiming to uncover the genes and regulatory mechanisms driving human-specific trait developments. In this study, we identified transcription factor (TF) and target gene pairs that exist exclusively in humans but not in non-human primates. Utilizing high-throughput data such as ChIP-seq, we mapped TF binding sites in human and other primate genomes. By applying human position weight matrices (PWMs) and the FIMO software, we identified 844 proximal and 403 distal human-specific TF-target gene pairs, involving 320 and 231 target genes, respectively, that were associated with 246 and 231 TFs.
These TF-target gene pairs were evaluated using gene expression data from human and gorilla cerebral organoids and the human and non-human posterior cingulate cortexes, revealing many genes with significant expression differences between humans and non-human primates. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that these pairs are highly associated with biological processes crucial for brain development, nervous system development, and cognitive specialization. Notable examples include CNTN4 and SEMA6D, which are implicated in axon guidance and neural circuit formation. Moreover, pathway analysis highlighted the involvement of human-specific TF-target gene pairs in the "Neurexins and Neuroligins" pathway, a key pathway for synaptic organization and neurotransmission. Genes such as NLGN1 and STXBP1 exhibited human-specific regulatory changes and distinct expression patterns, suggesting their roles in shaping the complexity of human brain function. In summary, this study provides valuable insights into the molecular adaptations that underlie human evolution since its separation from the chimpanzee lineage. The identification of human-specific regulatory mechanisms offers a deeper understanding of the genetic foundations of uniquely human traits, particularly those related to advanced neural and cognitive functions. | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Submitted by admin ntu (admin@lib.ntu.edu.tw) on 2025-02-19T16:12:25Z No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
| dc.description.provenance | Made available in DSpace on 2025-02-19T16:12:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 | en |
| dc.description.tableofcontents | 誌謝 I
中文摘要 II ABSTRACT III CHAPTER 1 1 Introduction 1 CHAPTER 2 4 Materials and Methods 4 2.1 Collection of human and non-human primate genomic data 4 2.2 Collection of human transcription factor PWMs 4 2.3 Processing of TF ChIP-seq data and TFBS validation 4 2.4 Inference of TF-target gene pairs 5 2.5 Handling Multiple TFBSs at the dame or nearby genomic locations 6 2.6 RNA-seq data of human and chimpanzee developing forebrain organoids of humans and gorillas 7 2.7 snRNA-Seq data from the posterior cingulate cortex in humans, chimpanzees, and macaques 8 2.8 Identifying human-specific genes on gene co-expression modules in eight brain regions 9 2.9 Statistical analysis 10 CHAPTER 3 10 Results 10 3.1 Predicted human specific TF-target gene pairs. 10 3.2 GO terms of predicted human-specific TF target genes 11 3.2.1 TF target genes potentially involved in nervous system development (GO:0007399) 12 3.2.2 TF target genes involved in neuron projection (GO:0043005) 13 3.2.3 TF target genes involved in cerebral cortex development (GO: 0021987) 13 3.2.4 TF target genes involved in positive regulation of synapse assembly (GO:0051965) 14 3.2.5 TF target genes involved in brain development (GO:0007420) 14 3.2.6 TF target genes involved in neuron differentiation (GO:0030182) 14 3.2.7 TF target genes involved in learning or memory (GO:0007611) 15 3.2.8 TF target genes involved in hippocampus development (GO:0021766) 15 3.2.9 TF target genes involved in cerebellum development (GO:0021549) 15 3.2.10 TF target genes involved in axon guidance (GO:0007411) 16 3.3 Overrepresented GO terms in human-specific proximal TF target genes 16 3.5 Human-specific TF target genes differentially expressed between human and gorilla developing cerebral organoids 16 3.6 Gene expression analysis in cerebral organoids using DESeq2 18 3.7 Enrichment of expressed human-specific proximal TF target genes in the human forebrain 21 3.8 Enrichment of differentially expressed human-specific proximal TF target genes in the human forebrain 21 3.9 Enrichment of differentially expressed genes among human-specific TF target genes expressed in the forebrain 22 3.10 Human-Specific TF target genes associated with the "Neurexins and Neuroligins" pathway 23 3.11 Human-specific TF target genes in gene co-expression modules of eight brain regions 24 3.12 Genes with human-specific regulation in the posterior cingulate cortex 26 CHAPTER 4 30 Discussion 30 4.1 Biological implications of human-specific regulation 30 4.2 Neural developmental differences among primates 31 4.3 Human-specific TFBS and co-expression modules: insights into evolutionary adaptations 32 4.4 Significance of Correlations Between Target Genes and Their Cognate TFs 32 4.5 Confirmed nervous system and brain development genes with human-specific TFBS in proximal promoters 33 4.6 Broader Implications for Brain Development and Evolution 34 4.7 Exploring the Functional Roles and Disease Links of Critical Genes 35 Figures 40 Tables 53 References 55 | - |
| dc.language.iso | en | - |
| dc.subject | 神經系統 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 啟動子 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 腦部 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 人類特有的潛在基因調控 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | 轉錄因子 | zh_TW |
| dc.subject | promoter | en |
| dc.subject | transcription factor | en |
| dc.subject | human-specific potential gene regulation | en |
| dc.subject | brain | en |
| dc.subject | nervous system | en |
| dc.title | 推測人類特有的啟動子變化及其調控效應 | zh_TW |
| dc.title | Inferring human-specific promoter changes and their regulatory effects | en |
| dc.type | Thesis | - |
| dc.date.schoolyear | 113-1 | - |
| dc.description.degree | 博士 | - |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | 阮雪芬;陳倩瑜;莊樹淳;黃禎祥 | zh_TW |
| dc.contributor.oralexamcommittee | Hsueh-Fen Juan;Chien-yu Chen;Trees-Juen Chuang ;Chen-Siang Ng | en |
| dc.subject.keyword | 轉錄因子,人類特有的潛在基因調控,腦部,神經系統,啟動子, | zh_TW |
| dc.subject.keyword | transcription factor,human-specific potential gene regulation,brain,nervous system,promoter, | en |
| dc.relation.page | 61 | - |
| dc.identifier.doi | 10.6342/NTU202500276 | - |
| dc.rights.note | 同意授權(限校園內公開) | - |
| dc.date.accepted | 2025-01-25 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-college | 生命科學院 | - |
| dc.contributor.author-dept | 基因體與系統生物學學位學程 | - |
| dc.date.embargo-lift | 2030-01-22 | - |
| 顯示於系所單位： | 基因體與系統生物學學位學程 | |
文件中的檔案：
| 檔案 | 大小 | 格式 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| ntu-113-1.pdf 未授權公開取用 | 4.38 MB | Adobe PDF | 檢視/開啟 |
系統中的文件，除了特別指名其著作權條款之外，均受到著作權保護，並且保留所有的權利。