我國軍事機關電子化採購政策執行之分析

Abstract

我國自1996年啟動電子化政府計畫行政院公共工程委員會（以下簡稱工程會）配合自2002年1月推動制定「政府採購電子領投標作業規定」，並自2015年起試辦未達公告金額財物採購案件公開取得電子報價單之電子化採購機制。在此政策推行下，理應為各適用單位均應依相關法規及政府政策辦理，惟不同適用單位可能在執行有其窒礙，因軍事機關本身對資訊設備及網路運用的限制、人員異動頻繁及組織文化特殊性，使得電子化採購政策在軍事機關中推行時，存有窒礙與問題待解決，故研究者以軍事機關在執行電子化採購政策時，其執行分析及遭遇之窒礙問題為研究重點，用范米特（Donald S. Van Meter）和范洪恩（Carl E. Van Horn）提出的「政策執行力模式」下六個要項的架構：（1）標準與目標；（2）資源；（3）組織間溝通及執行活動；（4）實施機構的特徵；（5）經濟、社會與政治環境；（6）執行人員意向，就軍事機關在執行政府採購電子化政策過程中，政策執行初始設定的標準與目標、資源、機關科層間溝通狀況、執行機關均為軍事機關的特性、軍事機關在特殊的兩岸關係政治環境下社會地位與經濟現實及軍事機關執行人員流動性與專任積極性等特點進行分析。 採用深度訪談法為主要研究方法，以我國軍事機關各層級單位實際從事採購業務人員為訪談對象，以探究軍事機關政策執行面所可能面對的窒礙問題，尋求解決方式，並可供主管機關制訂相關政策及國防部配合推行時之參考。而研究發現軍事機關在政府採購電子化政策的執行存在以下的問題：上下級編制規模不足、執行資源分配不均、專業程度落差及誘因不足、資安管控問題、以及兩岸關係影響軍事機關執行電子化採購，最後並嘗試提出建議或改進方案。

Since 1996, our country has initiated the e-Government project, with the Public Works Commission of the Executive Yuan （hereinafter referred to as the Engineering Council） promoting the formulation of the "Regulations for Electronic Bidding in Government Procurement" starting in January 2002. Additionally, since 2015, a trial program has been implemented for electronic procurement mechanisms to publicly obtain electronic quotations for procurement cases that do not reach the announced monetary amount. Under this policy, all applicable units should operate in accordance with relevant laws and government policies. However, different applicable units may face obstacles in execution. The military agencies, in particular, have restrictions on the use of information equipment and networks, frequent personnel changes, and unique organizational cultures, which create challenges and issues that need to be resolved when implementing electronic procurement policies. Therefore, the researcher focuses on the evaluation of the implementation of electronic procurement policies in military agencies and the obstacles encountered, using the framework of the "Policy Implementation Model" proposed by Donald S. Van Meter and Carl E. Van Horn, which includes six key elements: （1） Standards and objectives; （2） Resources; （3） Communication and execution activities between organizations; （4） Characteristics of the implementing agency; （5） Economic, social, and political environment; （6） Intentions of the executors. This analysis evaluates the characteristics of military agencies in the process of implementing the government's electronic procurement policy, focusing on the initial standards and objectives set for policy execution, resources, the communication status among bureaucratic agencies, the characteristics of the implementing agencies being military organizations, the social status and economic realities of military agencies in the context of the unique cross-strait political environment, as well as the mobility and proactive engagement of personnel within military agencies. The research method primarily employs in-depth interviews, targeting personnel engaged in procurement activities at various levels of military agencies in our country. The aim is to explore the potential obstacles faced in the implementation of military agency policies and to seek solutions, which can serve as a reference for relevant authorities in formulating policies and for the Ministry of National Defense in their implementation. The study finds that there are several issues in the execution of the government's electronic procurement policy within military agencies: insufficient scale of hierarchical staffing, uneven distribution of execution resources, gaps in professional expertise and inadequate incentives, cybersecurity management issues, and the impact of cross-strait relations on the military agencies' execution of electronic procurement. Finally, the study attempts to propose suggestions or improvement plans.