警察機關職務協助業務的檢討與分析

Abstract

司法院大法官於民國108年做出釋字第785號解釋，要求保障公務人員健康權，內政部因此訂定「警察機關輪班輪休人員勤休實施要點」，以規範警察人員服勤時數上限，以達成健康權保障之目的。然而，在工時縮減而勤務人力需求未變的情況下，警力短缺問題逐漸浮現，刪減警察非必要職務協助遂成為當前的首要課題。本研究旨在檢討我國警察機關執行職務協助業務的必要性與合理性。首先以委託代理人理論來分析警察長官的自利心態，再透過政策疊加理論來說明職務協助的發展脈絡以及形成現況的原因，最後再以裁減管理理論為基礎，提出職務協助具體的刪減原及應刪減的協助項目，以期達到優化警力資源，使警察更專注於治安與交通的核心業務之執行。 本研究採用量化與質化相並行的方式，首先透過問卷調查蒐集警察人員對職務協助的看法，再利用深度訪談法針對地方行政首長、警察人員以及相關行政機關職員進行深入訪談，透過不同視角瞭解職務協助的實際執行情況，以及警察在其中所扮演的角色與面臨的困境，並提出5項職務協助刪減原則。 研究結果顯示，當前職務協助業務的泛化不僅影響警察機關的主要任務執行，還導致部分行政主管機關對警察協助的過度依賴，削弱其執行力，對此本研究以刪減原則為基礎，除具體指出應刪除的5項職務協助業務外，更針對刪減過渡時期提出政策建議，包括修訂相關法規，刪除不必要的警察協助條文、強化主管機關資源配置、建立標準化審核機制，對職務協助請求進行嚴格篩選、取消績效評比及專案編排，期望透過政策調整與法律修訂，達成警力專業化、行政分工明確化的目標，使警察機關能更專注於維護治安與交通核心任務，進一步提升國家治理效能與社會秩序的穩定性。

In 2019, the Justices of the Constitutional Court issued Interpretation No. 785, mandating the protection of public servants' right to health. In response, the Ministry of the Interior formulated the "Guidelines for the Implementation of Shifts and Rest Periods for Police Personnel" to regulate the maximum working hours of police officers, aiming to safeguard their health rights. However, with reduced working hours but unchanged manpower demands for duties, the issue of police manpower shortages has gradually emerged. Consequently, reducing unnecessary police duty assistance has become a top priority. This study aims to evaluate the necessity and rationality of the police duty assistance in Taiwan. It first utilizes the principal-agent theory to analyze the self-interested motivations of police supervisors. It then employs the policy layering theory to explain the developmental trajectory of duty assistance and the causes behind its current state. Finally, based on cutback management theory, the study proposes specific principles for the reduction of duty assistance and identifies tasks that should be eliminated. The ultimate goal is to optimize police resources, enabling officers to focus more effectively on their core responsibilities in public security and traffic management. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. First, a survey was conducted to collect police officers' perspectives on duty assistance. Subsequently, in-depth interviews were carried out with local government leaders, police personnel, and staff from relevant administrative agencies to gain a comprehensive understanding of the practical implementation of duty assistance. These interviews explored the roles played by the police, the challenges they face in this context, and the broader implications. Based on these findings, the study proposes five principles for reducing duty assistance tasks. The research findings indicate that the overgeneralization of current duty assistance tasks not only undermines the execution of the police force's core responsibilities but also fosters an excessive reliance on police assistance by certain administrative agencies, thereby weakening their operational capacity. To address these issues, this study builds upon the proposed reduction principles to identify five specific duty assistance tasks that should be eliminated. Furthermore, policy recommendations for the transitional period of task reduction are provided, including revising relevant laws to remove unnecessary police assistance provisions, enhancing resource allocation for administrative agencies, establishing standardized review mechanisms to rigorously evaluate duty assistance requests, and eliminating performance evaluations and project-based assignments. Through policy adjustments and legal reforms, the study aims to achieve professionalization of police forces and clearer administrative division of labor, enabling police agencies to concentrate on their core missions of maintaining public security and traffic management. This approach is expected to enhance national governance efficiency and contribute to greater stability in social order.