廢棄物焚化廠整改工程之永續效益評估

Abstract

依據前環保署112年之統計資料，國內24座中大型一般廢棄物焚化廠中有19座廠運轉年數達20年以上，依據日本環境省之經驗及作法，屆齡20年以上之焚化廠，其焚化效能及設備健全度均會產生幅度下降之情形，應推動辦理整改工程。目前國內24座廠中僅有6座廠完成整改工程，並有1廠(台北市內湖廠)規劃轉型作為環保教育設施，故其餘尚有17座廠需辦理整改工程，俾持續擔負處理全部家戶垃圾及部分一般事業廢棄物之任務。 本研究以國內中大型廢棄物焚化廠中已規劃辦理整改工程之X焚化廠與Y焚化廠為研究案例，蒐集分析二座案例焚化廠之整改工程內容及相關工項，並經比對與聯合國永續發展目標(SDGs)相同內涵之整改工程效益，據以研訂延長焚化廠使用壽命、提升污染減量效益、提升發電效益及提升節能減碳效益等四項評量指標，作為焚化廠整改工程之永續效益指標。並採用權重順序法(Weighted Ranking Method)，邀請10位具廢棄物處理規劃、管理或焚化廠規劃設計專業經驗之學者專家委員填寫問卷，以成對比較(Pairwise Comparison)方式，計算問卷1中各評量指標之重要度係數(Factor Importance Coefficient, FIC)，即可得四項永續效益指標之權重。再經由問卷2求得二座案例焚化廠之方案選擇係數(Alternative Choice Coefficient, ACC)，即可得各永續效益指標分別對於二座案例焚化廠之效益權重，再經排列最終決策矩陣(Final Choice Matrix)，以求得不同類型屬性焚化廠之整改工程效益比較結果與優選方案。 經彙整分析學者專家填寫問卷結果，可得廢棄物焚化廠整改工程之四項永續效益指標之重要度權重值(FIC)，結果為延長焚化廠使用壽命：提升污染減量效益：提升發電效益：提升節能減碳效益＝0.33：0.33：0.15：0.19，前述權重值可作為廢棄物焚化廠整改工程規劃設計工項內容配置之參考指標。 並經彙整分析對於四項永續發展指標針對前述不同類型屬性焚化廠之整改效益之方案選擇權重(ACC)及最終決策矩陣，計算結果為焚化廠整改工程工項較完整且延長使用壽命20年以上之整改工程方案，為較佳之優選方案。 為評估廢棄物焚化廠整改工程永續性之達成度，本研究參考河川污染整數(River Pollution Index, RPI)之環境評量範例，另研究建議焚化廠整改工程永續性達成度積分之計算方式及評等方式，期能提供未來縣市環保局自我評量所規劃推動焚化廠整改工程之永續成效，亦可提供環境部作為未來各焚化廠整改績效評鑑之參考。

The data from Environmental Protection Administration (EPA) in 2023, 19 out of the 24 medium-to-large general waste incineration plants in Taiwan have been in operation for more than 20 years. According to the experience and practices of Japan's Ministry of the Environment, incineration plants older than 20 years tend to experience a significant decline in efficiency and equipment integrity, which indicates the need for retrofit projects. This research uses the X Incineration Plant and Y Incineration Plant collects and analyzes the content and tasks of the retrofit projects of these two plants and compares the benefits of these projects with those aligned with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Four sustainability benefit indicators are developed for this research extending the lifespan of incineration plants, pollution reduction, improving electricity generation efficiency, and carbon reduction. These indicators will serve as sustainability benchmarks for waste incineration plant retrofit projects. Using the Weighted Ranking Method, 10 scholars and experts with experience in waste treatment planning, management, or waste incineration plant design were invited to complete a questionnaire. Through pairwise comparison, the Factor Importance Coefficient (FIC) for each evaluation indicator was calculated from Questionnaire 1, determining the weight of each sustainability benefit indicator. From Questionnaire 2, the Alternative Choice Coefficient (ACC) for the two case study incineration plants was determined, allowing the weight of each sustainability benefit indicator to be applied to the two plants. Final Choice Matrix was able to find the optimal retrofit plan between the different types of incineration plants. The results were as follows: extending the lifespan of incineration plants: pollution reduction: improving electricity generation efficiency: carbon reduction = 0.33:0.33:0.15:0.19. These weight values can serve as reference indicators for planning and designing retrofit projects for waste incineration plants in the future. Further analysis show the waste incineration plant with the most optimal remediation project was one with more comprehensive tasks, capable of extending the plant’s lifespan by over 20 years. To assess the sustainability attainment score of the waste incineration plant retrofit projects, this study references the environmental assessment example of the River Pollution Index (RPI) and proposes a method for calculating and evaluating the sustainability scores for incineration plant retrofit projects. The aim is to provide a self-assessment tool for Ministry of Environment and Environmental Protection Bureaus in planning waste incineration plant retrofit projects in the future.