郭象《莊子注》中的群己關係

Abstract

本論文試圖探討郭象思想中的群己關係，將透過《莊子注》為主要文本，討論當中郭象思想中自我複雜性、自我與他人、自我與政治之間的關係。在自我複雜性的部分，本文首先會說明魏晉時代郭象寫作的背景，以「自生」概念來說明郭象思想中的本體論，以此來確立郭象思想中「自我」所涵蓋的面向，其中包含了適性逍遙與價值意識兩個層次的自我，並輔以修養論來說明當中的關聯。 在自我與他人的關係中，本文試圖解釋「自為」、「相因」概念，並引入「手足四肢」的比喻，嘗試說明個人與群體之間和諧相處的方式與可能性，對於當代議題也試圖以郭象思想對「自由」以及「歧見」概念做出一些回應。最後，本文也將探討在郭象思想中，與他人和諧相處的前提下，該如何確保政治秩序的建立，說明聖人在政治中扮演的角色以及自得之場的重要性。

This article attempts to explore the relationship between the individual and the group in Guo Xiang's thought. Through the main text "Annotations on Zhuangzi," it discusses the complexity of the self, the relationship between the self and others, and the relationship between the self and politics in Guo Xiang's thought. In the section on the complexity of the self, this article first explains the background of Guo Xiang's writing during the Wei-Jin period and uses the concept of "self-generation" to explain the ontology in Guo Xiang's thought. This will establish the dimensions of the "self" in his philosophy, including the two levels of adaptive wandering and value consciousness, supported by a discussion of self-cultivation to explain their connections. Regarding the relationship between the self and others, this article attempts to explain the concepts of "self-reliance" and "mutual dependence," introducing the metaphor of "hands and feet" to illustrate the ways and possibilities of harmonious coexistence between individuals and groups. It also seeks to respond to contemporary issues using Guo Xiang's thought on the concepts of "freedom" and "divergence". Finally, this article also explores how to ensure the establishment of political order under the premise of harmonious coexistence with others in Guo Xiang's thought, explaining the role of the sage in politics and the importance of the realm of self-attainment.