基於參數化建模的都市建築群體主體材料與環境影響預估方法研究

Abstract

都市地區消耗了地球超過半數的自然資源，並造成了相當大的環境危害。而在都市中，建築群體是環境破壞的主要因素，其造成了大量的溫室氣體排放並產生了非常多的固體廢棄物.因此，了解並優化都市中建築群體的材料消耗及環境影響是有必要的。循環建築概念及都市建築材料建模應運而生。然而，目前在此領域少有分析結構材料的選擇對都市建築群體的影響。本研究針對鋼筋混凝土、鋼、木這三種常見結構材料，先是利用Midas結構分析軟體及文獻回顧確定不同結構材料的結構尺寸，然後結合BIM，利用Dynamo參數化建模的方法生成多個不同參數的建築原型，最後利用衍生式設計工具來優化都市建築群體陣列的排布，模擬並計算不同結構材料之都市建築群體的主體材料消耗、循環度及隱含碳排。本研究之方法使得都市設計師及建築師能夠在不同的建築設計方案之間進行比較和選擇，以實現高循環度、低碳的都市建築目標。除此之外，通過本研究對不同結構材料的分析比較，都市設計師及建築師可以更加全面的了解並評估不同結構材料對建築群體環境影響的差異，從而幫助在專案初期做出更加合理的設計決策。

Urban areas consume more than half of the Earth's natural resources and cause significant environmental damage. Among the factors contributing to this damage, building clusters are major contributors, leading to substantial greenhouse gas emissions and the generation of solid waste. Therefore, understanding and optimizing the material consumption and environmental impact of building clusters in urban areas is essential. The concepts of circular construction and urban building material modeling have emerged in response to this need. However, there is currently limited analysis on how the choice of structural materials affects urban building clusters. This study focuses on three common structural materials: reinforced concrete, steel, and wood. First, structural dimensions for different materials were determined using Midas structural analysis software and literature review. Then, combining BIM and Dynamo parametric modeling methods, multiple building prototypes with varying parameters were generated. Finally, generative design tools were used to optimize the layout of urban building clusters, simulating and calculating the material consumption, circularity, and embodied carbon of building clusters made from different structural materials. This study's methodology allows urban designers and architects to compare and choose between different building design schemes to achieve high circularity and low carbon urban building goals. Additionally, through the comparative analysis of different structural materials, urban designers and architects can understand more comprehensively and evaluate the environmental impacts of various structural materials on building clusters, aiding in making more informed design decisions early in the project.