影響臺灣所得分配因素之探討: 2000年至2021年之實證

Abstract

所得分配不均是近年來政府與民眾極度關心的議題，本文根據中華民國資訊網的總體統計資料庫、中華民國財政部的財政統計資料庫、中華民國內政部統計查詢網及中華民國中央銀行統計資訊網，廣泛蒐集83項變數，超過1,500筆數據資料，使用Pearson相關係數分析及多元迴歸分析(Multiple Regression Analysis)，除聚焦於台灣中央政府歲入歲出對所得分配之影響外，亦分析了所得分配不均與刑事犯罪之關聯性。實證結果顯示失業率、中央政府歲入、地價稅、契稅、社會福利支出、退休撫卹支出可以用來解釋或預測吉尼係數，且當所得不均的程度擴大時，吉尼係數與犯罪發生數、被害人、經濟案件數、違反金融件數亦呈正相關，故欲解決當前台灣所面臨之所得分配不斷惡化、少子化、犯罪率高漲等等的社會問題，本文建議應強化中央政府的歲入與增加社會福利支出，以改善所得不均為優先。

uneven income distribution has been an issue of great concern to the goverment and public in recent years. This article is based on the overall statistical database of National Statistics, R.O.C. (Taiwan).,Taiwan Government Finance and Tax Statistical Databank,Ministry of the Interior R.O.C. (Taiwan).,Central Bank of the Interior R.O.C. (Taiwan). have extensively collected 83 variables and more than 1,500 pieces of data, using Pearson correlation coefficient analysis and multiple regression analysis (Multiple Regression Analysis).In addition to focusing on the impact of Taiwan's central government's annual income and expenditure on income distribution, it also analyzes the correlation between uneven income distribution and criminal crimes. Empirical results show that unemployment rate, central government annual revenue, land Value tax, deed tax, social welfare expenditure, and retirement pension expenditure can be used to explain or predict the Gini coefficient, and when the degree of income inequality expands, the Gini coefficient is related to the number of crimes, There is also a positive correlation between the number of victims, the number of economic Crime, and the number of financial Crime.Therefore, in order to solve the social problems that our country is currently facing, such as the deteriorating income distribution, declining birthrate, and rising crime rates, this article recommends strengthening the central government's revenue and increasing social welfare. Spending should prioritize improving income inequality.