永磁同步馬達模擬器之變動電感與反電動勢實現

Abstract

本論文針對能模擬表面式永磁同步馬達(Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor, SPMSM)之電子式馬達模擬器(Electronic Motor Emulator, EME)提出一種新的電路設計，其中包含「可變電感模擬器」、「反電動勢模擬器」兩種電路設計概念，旨在用硬體電路直接模仿SPMSM 模型當中的激磁電感與反電動勢之電壓電流特性，以精準地還原SPMSM的電流響應。 可變電感模擬器之核心原理基於固定電感再串聯一個電壓控制電壓源(Voltage Controlled Voltage Source, VCVS)，藉由該VCVS改變電流斜率來模仿其他感值之電感器；而反電動勢模擬器之原理基於在Q軸上之降壓(Buck)電路來模仿反電動勢。兩模擬器的設計構想一開始過於複雜，應用DQZ轉換的規則後，發現電路可化簡成容易實現的形式。最終，將兩種模擬器的設計概念結合，構造出一種新的EME電路架構。 論文中，前半段先詳細交代新的EME電路架構之設計過程，並以電路分析證明所提之EME電路與SPMSM響應一致，亦說明該電路如何適用回授控制機制。後半段進行實作驗證，首先針對所提的EME架構分析各個電路元件規格之理論公式，藉著以功率6.2kW作為目標，根據公式進行元件的選型與權衡，並同時使用電腦模擬驗證其正確性。最後搭建出實驗硬體，以實驗驗證所提之設計概念。

This thesis proposes a new circuit design for an Electronic Motor Emulator (EME) to emulate a Surface Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (SPMSM). The proposed design consists of two circuit design concepts, "variable inductance emulator" and "back EMF emulator", aiming to emulate the V/I characteristics of the magnetizing inductance and the back EMF of the SPMSM model with hardware circuits and accurately reproduce the current response of the SPMSM. The design concept of the variable inductance emulator is based on a fixed inductor with a voltage-controlled voltage source (VCVS) in series, which actively changes the current slope to emulate inductors of other inductance values. The design concept of the back EMF emulator is based on a buck circuit on the Q-axis to emulate the back EMF. Regarding circuit implementation, the circuits of two design concepts were initially too complex to realize. However, these circuits were successfully simplified by applying the rules of DQZ transformation. Finally, the two emulator concepts were combined to form a new EME circuit design. In the first half of the thesis (chapter 1~2), the derivation of the two emulators is illustrated in detail; then, the proposed EME circuit is analyzed to demonstrate its consistency with the SPMSM and also to show how the circuit can be applied to the feedback control mechanism. In the second half of the thesis (chapter 3~4), the proposed EME is verified by implementing a prototype. The validation process includes analyzing theoretical formulas for each circuit component specification, selecting suitable circuit components according to the target scenario of 6.2kW, and finally, building the experimental hardware to experimentally validate the proposed design concept. Computer simulation was also provided and served as another proof of concept.