奇幻小說迷閱讀行為研究

Abstract

《哈利波特》這一系列暢銷小說在2007年劃下句點，但奇幻小說的閱讀卻方興未艾。《哈利波特》的熱賣帶動全球奇幻小說狂潮，也間接帶動了閱讀風氣。奇幻小說此文類吸引無數讀者在夢想的世界中遨遊，究竟它有何魔力讓人如癡如醉？這個問題由奇幻小說的熱愛者「奇幻小說迷」來回答是再適合也不過了。但是奇幻小說迷卻是一群只聞其聲，不見其影的隱形讀者，是迷研究與讀者研究中的缺口。為了更瞭解奇幻小說與奇幻小說迷。結合奇幻研究、迷研究、閱讀研究，本研究希望夠回答誰是奇幻小說迷（who）？成為奇幻小說迷是怎樣的歷程（how）？奇幻小說迷都在作些什麼（what）？為什麼「迷」奇幻小說（why）？ 本研究場域為網路，以嘗試創作與發表心得的奇幻小說迷為研究對象，先以問卷篩選到20位受訪者。而後進行半結構式深度訪談，訪談問題按照研究問題架構可分為三部份：閱讀經驗（閱讀歷史與相關影響）、閱讀行為（閱讀動機與閱讀方式）、奇幻小說迷的看法（關於奇幻小說與奇幻小說迷）。 歸納訪談與問卷資料，得出以下結論： 一、奇幻小說迷集中在20~30歲間的青年，男女比例相當，受過高等教育，以學生居多。除了大量閱讀奇幻小說，在日常生活中會幻想書中內容而自得其樂，或著想要進入書中的世界之外，並無明顯外在特徵。 二、奇幻小說迷多在國中小學時期即開始接觸奇幻小說並產生興趣，接觸方式為兒童讀物或多媒體。 三、奇幻小說迷對於奇幻小說的影響抱持中立或正面態度。 四、喜愛奇幻小說的原因包括：奇幻小說具有無限可能性、對另一個世界的憧憬、逃避現實。 五、引起閱讀動機的理由包括：書店瀏覽試閱、朋友推薦、參考書評與網路資訊、喜愛作家的作品。 六、取得奇幻小說的方式以購買最多。 七、大部分奇幻小說迷有分享閱讀心得的習慣，主要原因為：希望獲得認同、抒發感想、釐清觀念以不同角度思考、紀錄生命。 八、閱讀頻率不固定，但會隨閒暇時間多寡增減。當閱讀頻率逐漸降低時，奇幻小說迷有可能選擇脫離此身份，但對於此文類依舊會抱持基本之認同感。 九、奇幻小說迷並不積極於參加社群組織，多以三五好友之小團體模式進行討論，也極少於日常生活中向他人揭露奇幻小說迷之身份。 十、創作動機可分為自發性的滿足本身創作慾望，以及他發性的抒發個人感動，補充文本中的缺憾。 十一、奇幻小說的主要元素應為架空幻想與自我成長，但想像力與情節的比重不可偏廢；奇幻小說迷偏好創新又真實的作品。 十二、奇幻小說迷期許本身拓廣閱讀視野以及華文奇幻蓬勃。 本研究最後對於出版業、作者、學術界、圖書館及讀者都提出相關之實務建議。另外針對後續研究，建議可採取焦點團體或個案研究來加強研究深度；或採取問卷普查之方式得到變項間的關係及通則化；以及進一步針對其他文類之閱讀行為進行相關研究。

At 2007, Harry Potter, the series of bestseller had ended, but the reading fashion of fantastic fictions has been still growing. Harry Potter sold like hot cakes, and it indirectly promotes the general mood of reading. The genre of fantastic fiction attracts numerous readers to travel into the dream world. What kind of magic power fantasy holds that make people lose their minds? This question must be answered by the fans of fantastic fictions. However, these people are invisible patrons, and the study of this group is a gap in the fan study and the reading research. In order to better realize fantastic fictions and their fans, this thesis combines studies of fantasy with studies of fan and reading research. The study aims to find answers to respond these questions: Who are fantastic fiction fans? How to become a fantastic fiction fan? What are they doing? Why are they fanatical about fantastic fictions? The data collection is done through Internet, and the subjects are fans who had tried to write fantastic fictions or announce their reflection. After initial survey, 20 research targets are selected for semi-structured interviews. The questions of interview are designed to follow the structure of the purpose of this study, and are divided into three parts: reading experience（the history of individual reading and it’s effect）, reading behavior（the reading motive and the reading mode）, viewpoints of fantastic fiction fans（about fantasy and fans themselves）. Generalizing from the data collected from the survey and the interview, the conclusions are as follows: 1.Fantastic fiction fans are mostly between 20 to 30 years old, with same proportion between two genders. They generally have higher education and most of them are students. In addition to reading fantasy a lot, they enjoy in fancying contents of fictions in their daily life, or fancying into the world of books. Beside these, they have no obvious characteristics. 2.Most of them became interested in fantastic fictions before senior high school, and they were in touch with fantasy by children’s reading or multimedia. 3.They are neutral or positive for the influence of fantasy. 4.They generally express that the whys and wherefores to love fantastic fictions are that fantasies have unlimited possibility, looking forward to another world, and escaping the real life. 5.Reasons for reading are that browsing at bookstores, recommended books by friends, book reviews or information from internet, and new books of authors who they love. 6.The way of getting books are mostly through buying. 7.Most of them are used to share their ideas after reading, and their reasons are that hope to get identifications, express feelings, exchange different points of view, and record their lives. 8.The frequency of reading fantasy is unstable, and it changes according to leisure time. When the frequency reduces stage by stage, fans maybe decide to come off, but they would still identify themselves with the genre. 9.They aren’t enthusiastic about joining fan’s organization, and talk about fantasy by groups of several friends. Most of them do not disclose their identity as fantastic fans at their daily life. 10.Their motives of creating are divided into two parts: they are spontaneous to satisfy desires of creative writing, or stimulated to voice personal impression to fill in vacancies of texts. 11.Major elements of fantasy are the second world and self-growth. Both fancy and the framework of circumstances are important. Fans normally prefer original writings and works that reflects certain level of reality. 12.Fans hope to broaden their view of reading and that domestic fantasy writings could flourish. At the end, this thesis brings up some practical suggestions for publishers, writhers, the academic community, libraries and readers. For further research, it is advised to enhance depth using focus group or conduct an in-depth case study; or emphasize variation and general principles by a larger survey; or study to the other genres.