意識與暗物質作為獨立於質量的整合資訊

Abstract

在本論文中，生物科學中的意識研究和宇宙學中的暗物質研究可能具有一種深層本質上的對應關係。意識研究是探索心智的科學領域，試圖以神經學、醫學解答自我意識、感知和思考如何產生。另一方面，暗物質研究旨在探索一種產生引力卻無法透過光子觀測的存在，其本質是現代物理學和宇宙學其中一個最大的未解之謎。研究指出暗物質佔據了宇宙中大約85%的引力效應，對宇宙結構的形成起著關鍵作用。儘管這兩個領域表面上相去甚遠，我們發現它們可能共享同樣深層本質：整合資訊。無論是意識還是暗物質，都可能是一種特殊的資訊形式，其特點是任意切分都會改變其屬性。此外，意識還是暗物質的存在可能都與質量無關。 在此論文中，我們首先基於測量大腦資訊熵(brain entropy)的實驗與意識理論中的整合資訊理論(integrated information theory)，論證意識的本質正是整合資訊。其次，結合熵重力(entropic gravity)理論、資訊熵(Shannon entropy)與波茲曼熵(Boltzmann entropy)的等價性，以及回顧希爾伯特空間中高維子系統(high-dimensional subsystem in Hilbert space)合併的討論，推論整合資訊也可能是暗物質的本質。最後，探討意識可以被搭載在不同物質系統，並分析參與熵重力物理量的來源，展示意識跟暗物質皆不需質量即存在。 雖然傳統上認為意識和暗物質之間沒有關聯，但我們揭露出兩者的本質都可以被視作一種整合資訊(integrated information)，且其存在無需具備質量。本文細述這些性質，為意識與暗物質建立連結，提供一個全新的理解心智和暗物質的視角，透過此對應關係相互推進前沿的發展。

This thesis suggests a fundamental correspondence between consciousness in life sciences and dark matter in cosmology. Consciousness research delves into the scientific realm of understanding cognition, aiming to elucidate how self-awareness, perception, and cognition emerge through neurology and medicine. On the other hand, dark matter research aims to explore a gravitational influence, which is invisible to photon observations, constitutes approximately 85% of the gravitational effects in the universe and plays a crucial role in the formation of cosmic structures. Despite their apparent divergence, we have found that these two fields may share a profound commonality: integrated information. Whether in consciousness or dark matter, both could represent a unique form of information where any division alters its property. Furthermore, the existence of both consciousness and dark matter may be independent of mass. In this thesis, we first utilize experiments from brain entropy experiment alongside the integrated information theory of consciousness to argue that the essence of consciousness lies in the form of integrated information. Second, combining the theory of entropic gravity, Shannon entropy-Boltzmann entropy equivalency, and a review of the merger of high-dimensional subsystems in Hilbert space, we infer that the essence of dark matter is also integrated information. Finally, exploring how consciousness is able to manifest in different material systems and analyzing the sources contributing to entropic gravity quantities, we demonstrate that both consciousness and dark matter might exist without mass.

While these two research fields are traditionally unrelated, we reveal that both the essence of consciousness and dark matter are regarded as forms of integrated information, existing without mass. This thesis elaborate on these properties to establish a link between consciousness and dark matter, offering a fresh perspective toward the understanding of mind and universe.