探討高住房成本下青年族群的居住和運具選擇行為

Abstract

近年來大城市的物價通膨、房價高漲，市中心高住房成本迫使人們往城市外圍尋找居住地點，以換取較低、可負擔的住房成本，然而卻衍生較長通勤的距離、較高的通勤成本，人們必須在居住地點與運具選擇之間做權衡。這樣的問題在年輕世代中至關重要，包含大學生與研究生，由於經濟因素他們一直是住房市場中的弱勢群體；為彌補長距離通勤的時間與成本，機車成為青年族群常用的運具之一，其雖擁有高度機動性、友善的使用成本，但由於運具特性易造成事故與危險，更是與淨零碳排、永續發展的目標背道而馳。 本研究主要探討青年族群在選擇租屋地點與通勤運具選擇之間的聯合決策行為，以臺北地區的大學進行實證研究，採用敘述性偏好法進行問卷設計，模擬臺大校區周遭租屋市場，學生的租屋與通勤運具選擇。以個體選擇模式為基礎，將所蒐集的數據使用多項羅吉特、巢式羅吉特、混合羅吉特摸式、整合聯立方程式模型校估，建立包含居住地點選擇、通勤運具選擇、居住通勤聯合決策等選擇模式，分析租屋與運具選擇之間的因素偏好與交互作用影響。 研究發現偏好不同運具的學生，選擇居住地點的考量不同，偏好大眾運輸者會在意居住地點的大眾運輸可及性，而使用機車通勤的受訪者幾乎不考慮租屋地點的大眾運輸狀況。在青年族群的決策過程當中，發現自行車與步行被視為租屋處通勤的預設選項，大眾運輸或是機車通勤則是獨立考量的選項。另外研究也發現大學生與研究生、是否有打工或家教會影響青年族群選擇；而駕照持有會影響居住地點選擇，影響通勤運具選擇的則是運具持有。研究建議未來若要實行住房成本的補貼，可考慮將通勤運具選項納入考量；如使用大眾運輸者的租屋補貼上限與私人運具使用者的租屋補貼上限不同，以達到環境永續、宜居並落實公平原則之發展政策。

In recent years, major metropolises’ highly escalating housing/rental prices have driven people to seek more affordable living options in the outer areas of cities. This shift, while reducing housing costs, has resulted in longer commutes and higher transportation costs. This highlights the challenge of the trade-offs between residence-related and mobility-related choices. This issue is particularly critical for the younger generation, including college and graduate students, who are disadvantaged in the housing and rental markets. To compensate for the needs and costs of long commuting, motorcycles have become a popular commuting mode among young people. While motorcycles have high mobility and low operating costs, they are associated with high injury and fatality rates and conflict with the goals of net-zero carbon emissions and sustainable development. This study seeks to attain a better understanding and integrated perspective of residence-related and mobility-related choices among the young generation, An empirical study was conducted focusing on universities in Taipei, Taiwan. A stated preference method was used to simulate the rental market around the National Taiwan University (NTU). The study collected data of students’ housing and commuting choices. The study analyzed the factors influencing rental and commute mode preferences and their interactions using discrete choice models, including multinomial logit, nested logit, mixed logit, and integrated simultaneous equation models. The findings reveal that students who prefer different modes of transportation consider different factors when choosing their residential locations. Those who favor public transport are concerned with the accessibility of public transport, while those commuting by motorcycles do not consider the public transport conditions. The decision-making process among the young generation also shows that bicycles and walking are default options for commuting, whereas public transport and motorcycles are considered independently. Additionally, the study finds that factors such as whether students are undergraduates or graduates and whether they have part-time jobs or tutoring positions influence their choices. Furthermore, having driver’s license affects residential location choices, while vehicle ownership influences commute mode choices. The study suggests that future housing cost subsidies should consider commute mode options. For instance, the maximum rental subsidy for public transport users could differ from that for private vehicle users to promote environmental sustainability, livability, and equitable development policies.