利用有限元素分析軟體ABAQUS建立竹網殼結構設計及結構分析的流程及方法

Abstract

近年環保意識抬頭，竹材具有生長週期短、負碳排放與單位重量下可提供較高強度的特性，塗料及製造加工技術的發展使竹結構的耐久性大幅提升，上述皆是讓竹結構日漸從鋼結構及鋼筋混凝土結構中脫穎而出的原因。對於這種有助永續環境的新興材料，雖部分國家有制定相關規範，但目前只有 ISO-12156 最具系統性的訂定設計及檢核規則，其內容基本上為計算構件的強度或容許應力以及不同接合條件下的容許強度，以及各自對應的安全係數(極限強度設計的各項指標在此規範的附錄中)，用以檢核結構分析的結果。 雖已有規範明定檢核標準，但對於相較於規則的RC (鋼筋混凝土)結構或鋼結構而言，形狀多變且複雜的竹構造在結構設計的條件明顯別於兩者，僅有明文規範，卻無系統性的結構設計方法及流程供設計師及工程師參考，乃推廣竹構造之阻礙。 本研究會使用商用有限元素分析軟體 ABAQUS 進行完整的結構分析，並由此建構系統性的結構設計方法，且於各方法的各項設定上進行驗證，以確認設定上之正確性。一套完整的結構設計流程，需要包含模型匯入分析軟體、構件尺寸及材料的選擇及配置、邊界條件及外力的配置、變形量及構件內力的檢核以及施工性檢討。同時，在進行結構設計前，需要對於纖維材料及元素的選擇有一定程度上的了解，故在介紹結構設計前會對於這兩個部分進行討論及佐證，以期未來設計者能了解設計前的先備知識並應用於實際設計。

In recent years, environmental awareness has been on the rise. Bamboo, with its short growth cycle, negative carbon emissions, ability to provide higher strength per unit weight, and improved durability due to advancements in coatings and manufacturing technologies, has gradually emerged as a strong contender against steel structures and reinforced concrete structures. Although some countries have established relevant regulations for this sustainable material, ISO-12156 is currently the most systematic standard for design and verification rules. This standard primarily involves calculating the strength or allowable stress of components and the allowable strength under different joint conditions, along with the corresponding safety factors (indicators of ultimate strength design are listed in the appendix of this standard), to verify the results of structural analysis. Although there are clearly defined verification standards, bamboo structures, with their variable and complex shapes, differ significantly in design conditions compared to conventional RC (reinforced concrete) or steel structures. The lack of a systematic structural design method and process for designers and engineers to reference poses an obstacle to the promotion of bamboo structures. This study will use commercial finite element analysis software ABAQUS for a comprehensive structural analysis and construct a systematic structural design method. Various settings of the methods will be verified to ensure their correctness. A complete structural design process includes importing the model into analysis software, selecting and configuring component sizes and materials, setting boundary conditions and external forces, verifying deformation and internal forces of components, and evaluating constructability. Additionally, before conducting structural design, it is necessary to have a certain understanding of the selection of fiber materials and elements. Therefore, before introducing the structural design, these two aspects will be discussed and substantiated to ensure that designers can grasp the prerequisite knowledge and apply it to practical design.