永續生物質熱轉換

Abstract

永續性生物質的有效應用在減緩氣候異常和推動清潔能源進展方面扮演著至關重要的功能。這種可持續利用模式在應對環境挑戰和促進能源轉型中具有不可或缺的地位。植物衍生的木質纖維素成分是生質燃料、生物基化合物和高效能材料可持續製造的核心原料。特別是非糧食來源的木質纖維素，因其廣泛可得性、多樣化應用潛能、高能量密度以及複雜的化學結構，成為極具前景的替代資源。在充分利用這種生物資源方面，生物質熱化學轉化技術扮演著不可或缺的角色。台灣每年產生之剩餘資材，包括汽車回收的每年產生之8000-10000 噸硬質聚氨酯泡棉和如銀合歡等入侵樹種等木質纖維素生物質，可做為熱轉換的利用方式提供深具潛力的原料。本研究針對兩種不同加值利用熱轉換方法，以提高這些永續生物質資源的價值及增進循環利用模式。將柳杉剩餘資材與廢棄的硬質聚氨酯泡棉混合，製作固態廢棄物衍生燃料。其氧化行為顯示其優良的特性，包括灰分含量低於 2.5%，熱值達到 21.9 MJ/kg。使用弗里德曼方程式計算，木材與 5% 、15% 和 30% 的廢聚氨酯泡棉顆粒混合後所計算之活化能為 212、220 和 188 kJ/mol，另一方面熱轉換效率在 30.2% 到 48.1% 之間，顯示這些廢棄物衍生燃料具有做為替代性再生能源之潛力。另一部分則是探討共熱解溫度和混合比例下銀合歡生物質和蒙特石的共熱解作用。研究結果指出，增加蒙特石的添加量可提高生物炭的產量和碳保留率。使用熱重分析(TGA)、核磁共振光譜(NMR)和傅立葉變換紅外光譜(FTIR)等技術證明，共熱解後可提高改性生物炭之穩定性。此方法是促進二氧化碳封存、生物炭穩定化以及為入侵銀合歡物種制定可去化利用深具潛力之技術。本研究證明，熱化學轉化技術在永續生物質資源價值化方面的潛力，有助於再生能源生產、廢棄物管理和碳封存工作。剩餘資材價值化與碳封存的結合對於推動可持續發展極為關鍵，在促進循環經濟的同時，為應對環境挑戰提出了實用的解決途徑。

Sustainable biomass utilization plays a pivotal role in mitigating environmental extremes and climate challenges while promoting the development of renewable energy. A crucial feedstock, lignocellulosic biomass serves for the eco-friendly generation of biofuels, bio-derived chemicals, and advanced materials. Originating from non-consumable sources, this plant-derived lignocellulosic material stands out as a viable carbon source owing to its plentiful availability, adaptability, considerable energy content, and complex chemical structure. Biomass thermochemical conversion technologies are crucial for effectively utilizing this resource. In Taiwan, substantial residual materials are generated annually, including 8,000-10,000 tons of rigid polyurethane foam from automotive recycling and lignocellulosic biomass from invasive tree species like Leucaena leucocephala. These resources provide promising feedstocks for thermal conversion utilization pathways. This study explores two distinct valorization approaches via thermochemical conversion to enhance the value and promote the circular utilization of these sustainable biomass resources. Initially, waste Cryptomeria materials were combined with discarded rigid polyurethane foam to produce refuse-derived fuels. The oxidation properties demonstrated advantageous features, such as an ash content of less than 2.5% and a calorific value of up to 21.9 MJ/kg. Determined as 212, 220, and 188 kJ/mol, respectively, were the activation energies for wood mixed with 5%, 15%, and 30% waste polyurethane foam pellets using the Friedman equation. Spanning from 30.2% to 48.1%, the thermal conversion efficiencies underscore the promise of these waste-derived fuels as a viable renewable energy option. Secondly, the co-pyrolysis of L. leucocephala biomass and montmorillonite at different temperatures and blending ratios was investigated. The findings revealed that augmenting montmorillonite incorporation enhanced biochar production and carbon retention. Characterization techniques, including thermogravimetric analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, validated the improved durability of the modified biochars. This method presents a promising solution for carbon dioxide capture, biochar enhancement, and creating sustainable strategies for managing the invasive L. leucocephala species. These findings demonstrate the potential of thermochemical conversion technologies in valorizing sustainable biomass resources, contributing to renewable energy production, waste management, and carbon sequestration efforts. The integration of residual valorization and carbon sequestration is critical for sustainable development, offering viable solutions to address environmental challenges while promoting the circular economy.