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Title: | 以質性研究探討公平感知、組織承諾與協力持續意向之關係—以非營利幼兒園為例 A Qualitative Study on the Relationship between Justice Perception, Organizational Commitment, and Intentions for Collaborative Sustainability -A Case Study of Non-Profit Kindergarten |
Authors: | 張詠晴 YUNG-CHING CHANG |
Advisor: | 劉康慧 Helen K. Liu |
Keyword: | 公平感知,組織承諾,協力持續意向,非營利組織,非營利幼兒園政策, Justice perception,Organizational commitment,Intentions for collaborative sustainability,Nonprofit Organization,Non-profit kindergarten policy, |
Publication Year : | 2024 |
Degree: | 碩士 |
Abstract: | 非營利幼兒園政策作為我國的熱門議題,對於公部門而言,是一項已向外宣布且要持續推動的幼教政策,對於民眾而言,是介於公立與私立中具有品質與優惠價格的服務方案。由於非營利幼兒園政策以公私協力方式推動,所以可以說政策能否推動與非營利組織的持續意向有很大的關係,然而我國社會服務契約委託長期出現公部門釋出的委外資源遠超於民間的供應量能(劉淑瓊,2019),且近期非營利組織的街頭遊行與召開之記者會,促使思考這項政策是否能真的如政府預想的推動。依循公私協力理論,公平是促進協力發展的關鍵要素,也正是近期非營利幼兒園倡議行動向政府傳遞之訊息,然而以公平為主題討論公私協力的研究卻屈指可數,為此本研究借鑒公平理論觀察公平感知與非營利組織在此業務的持續意向。又考量到非營利的特性,包含志願主義、社群主義、交易成本理論與資源依賴理論,故亦納入組織承諾對公平與持續的關係來做討論。本研究使用個案研究法、深度訪談法與文獻分析法研究四個非營利組織,並呈現其協力感受,感受的形成以及影響。
結果發現個案組織對於公平的衡量標準與感知狀態不同,但仍可以理解公平是法人重視的協力要素。這種感知不僅來自於與公部門的互動,與其他協力對象互動形成的感受也會進一步影響非營利組織對協力公平的看法,甚至僅透過認知制度也會提升對現有協力的認可,故「比較」是感知形成的重要過程,非營利組織也頻繁通過研商會議來累積他們對於協力公平的認識。其次,存在公平的感知主要是受到規範性承諾的作用,非營利法人會為了推動理念和使命而調整如何處理不公平以及不公平帶來的影響,不要求公平而追求對理念的尊重,為此本研究指出協力情形僅須滿足部份項目即可能被認定為公平,且非營利組織認為大部分協力有達到公平。相較之下,資金方面的成本與對政府的歸屬感就不是法人所在意的部分。第三,依目前情況,非營利法人會持續辦理已經承辦的非營利幼兒園,但不太會新辦園所,並且雖然法人跨足其他協力業務,但仍以非營利幼兒園為主。這種跨足其他協力業務的經驗與認知也通過比較而影響法人的感知形成。最後,本研究顯示公平與不公平的感知是以複雜且有條件的情況影響持續意向,公平有限地助於促進法人選擇續辦,不公平則是在影響園所經營或阻礙理念展現的前提下降低法人的續辦與新辦,其中其他法人與社會大眾對非營利組織的不公平對經營能力會產生的直接影響,而公部門也被認為有協力義務介入處理。 是以,本研究以組織層次且討論公私協力的抽象概念,利用不同的研究方法與研究設計為早期文獻使用的研究框架做出了重要貢獻,並且讓公部門能夠在公平、組織承諾與持續意向的關係上更了解合作夥伴的想法,進一步思考與精進公私協力。 The policy of non-profit kindergartens is a hot topic in our country. For the public sector, it is a childcare policy that has been announced externally and is being continuously promoted. For the public, it represents a service option with quality and favorable prices, situated between public and private sectors. As the policy for non-profit kindergartens is promoted through public-private partnership, its success is closely related to the continued intention of non-profit organizations to participate. However, in our country, the outsourcing resources released by the public sector have far exceeded the supply capacity of the private sector in long-term social service contracts(Liu, 2019). Recent street demonstrations and press conferences by non-profit organizations have prompted reflection on whether this policy can truly be implemented as envisioned by the government. Based on the theory of public-private partnerships, justice is a key element in promoting the development of such partnerships, which is also the message conveyed by recent advocacy actions of non-profit kindergartens to the government. However, research discussing public-private partnerships with justice as the main theme is scarce. Therefore, this study draws on the theory of justice to observe the perceptions of justice and the continuing intentions of nonprofit organizations in this field. Considering the characteristics of nonprofit organizations, including voluntarism, communitarianism, transaction cost theory, and resource dependence theory, this study also incorporates the relationship between organizational commitment to justice and sustainability. This study utilizes case studies, in-depth interviews, and literature analysis to examine four nonprofit organizations, presenting their perceptions of cooperation, the formation of these perceptions, and their impacts. The results show that cases have different standards and perceptions of justice, but it can still be understood that justice is an key element in cooperation. This perception not only arises from interactions with the public sector, but also from interactions with other collaborative partners, which further influence non-profit organizations' views on the fairness of collaboration. Even solely through cognitive institutions, recognition of existing collaborations can be enhanced. Therefore, "comparison" is an important process in forming perception, and non-profit organizations frequently accumulate their understanding of collaboration fairness through deliberative conferences. Secondly, the perception of justice is mainly influenced by normative commitments, and nonprofit organizations adjust how they handle injustice and its impacts in order to advance their ideals and mission, even sometimes prioritizing respect for their ideals over the pursuit of justice. Hence, this study points out that cooperation situations may only need to meet some criteria to be considered justice, and non-profit organizations believe that cooperation has achieved justice. In contrast, financial costs and the sense of belonging to the government are not major concerns for organizations. Thirdly, under the current situation, nonprofit organizations will continue to operate the non-profit kindergartens they have already undertaken, but are less likely to establish new ones. Although organizations venture into other cooperative businesses, non-profit kindergartens remain their primary focus. Experiences and perceptions gained from venturing into other cooperative businesses also influence the formation of organizations' perceptions through comparison. Finally, this study indicates that perceptions of justice and injustice are complex and conditional in affecting the intention to continue, with justice limitedly facilitating organizations' choices to continue operation, while injustice diminishes their intention to continue or establish new kindergartens under the premise of impacting operations or hindering the manifestation of ideals. The direct impact of injustice from other organizations and the public on the operational capacity of non-profit organizations, as well as the perceived obligation of the public sector to intervene in cooperation, are also highlighted. Therefore, by discussing PPPs from an organizational level and abstract perspective, this study makes an important contribution to the research framework used in the early literature by utilizing a different research methodology and research design, and enables the public sector to further reflect on and refine PPPs by better understanding the partner's thinking in terms of the relationship between justice, organizational commitment, and continuing intentions. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/93556 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202402451 |
Fulltext Rights: | 同意授權(全球公開) |
Appears in Collections: | 公共事務研究所 |
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