臺灣雞舍採用空氣流通系統之研究

Abstract

台灣家禽飼養產業，常受外部因素影響如2015年爆發H5N2、H5N3及H5N8亞型禽流感疫情，嚴重影響飼養率，其傳染途徑是候（野）鳥攜帶病毒透過空氣媒介傳入臺灣，導致家禽接觸分泌物或糞便而遭到感染。隨著全球暖化加劇，禽流感與雞瘟疫情的頻繁發生，雞隻飼養場域的病媒蚊數量，也因平均氣溫的上升而增加，對於雞隻飼養率帶來負面的影響，特別是雞舍的空氣流通性，是雞隻健康成長的關鍵因素所在。另由於消費者對雞肉及雞蛋品質和安全性的要求越來越加重視，因此，雞隻飼養產業也越來越重視雞舍空氣流通性環境的管理。本研究經由深度訪談發現，雞舍的空氣流通和溫度控制是雞隻飼養的核心關鍵因素，在雞隻的育成率及換肉率方面，採用空氣流通系統的雞隻飼養場域比傳統結構至少高出5%。採用空氣流通系統的優點是可以提高養雞場內的空氣品質、降低疾病傳播風險、提高飼養效率等方面的經濟效益。

關鍵詞：禽流感、病媒蚊、空氣流通、飼養效率、經濟效益

Taiwan's poultry breeding industry is often affected by external factors, such as the outbreak of H5N2, H5N3 and H5N8 subtype avian influenza in 2015, which seriously affected the breeding rate. It is estimated that the infection route is through migratory (wild) birds carrying the virus into Taiwan. The infection is transmitted through airborne media through respiratory or fecal-oral routes, causing poultry to come into contact with secretions and feces. As global warming intensifies the frequency of avian influenza and chicken plague epidemics; similarly, the number of vector mosquitoes in chicken breeding areas has also increased due to the increase in average temperature, which has a negative impact on chicken breeding rates, especially chicken breeding. The air circulation of the house is also a key factor for the healthy growth of chickens. In addition, as consumers pay more and more attention to the quality and safety of chicken and eggs, the chicken breeding industry is also paying more and more attention to the management of air circulation environment in chicken houses. Through in-depth interviews, this study found that air circulation and temperature control in chicken houses are the core key factors in raising chickens. In terms of chicken breeding rate and meat replacement rate, chicken breeding areas with air circulation systems are at least 5% better than traditional structures. The advantage of using an air circulation system is that it can improve the air quality in the chicken farm, reduce the risk of disease transmission, and improve the economic benefits of raising efficiency. Keywords: avian influenza, vector mosquitoes, air circulation, feeding efficiency