「創傷知情」之後： 臺灣文史青年的「二二八」書寫

Abstract

過去，由於二二八為政治禁忌，二二八小說多以隱晦方式書寫，相關研究也以小說中的「創傷書寫」為主。隨著臺灣文史學科建制化、成立國家級博物館，以及政黨輪替後，轉型正義工程推進、政治檔案大量開放的時代到來，「臺灣文史青年」有更多機會取得資料，以「知情」的角度書寫二二八。 2010年起，包含臺文館、臺史博在內，許多博物館啟動將藏品「轉譯」的工程，原先儲存在典藏室中的藏品，得以透過短文書寫被社會大眾認識。「轉譯」的基底，是大量的史料研究，臺灣檔案開放的進程，正好給了2019年後臺灣文史青年得以近用檔案、進而憑藉檔案書寫「歷史敘事非虛構」的契機。2019年，財團法人二二八事件紀念基金會出版《1947之後：二二八（非）日常備忘錄》，以「人」為核心，將過往受二二八事件牽連之人，從「受難者」轉移為「行動者」，書寫他們在歷史事件中如何抱持自身理念行動。同時，也透過參照其他檔案，呈現出傳主的多元樣貌。2021年，二二八基金會的出版品《二二八・物的呢喃》與共生音樂節的《戊寅份子——二二八的在場證明》，皆以「物」作為寫作的關鍵詞。在兩本書中，讀者可以看見「物件」具有自身能動性，形塑與人之間的關係，進而創造歷史事件。另一方面，《戊寅份子》以近似類型小說書寫二二八，也跳脫過往將「真實性」作為「二二八書寫」的指導原則。2022年《奔赴的青春：二二八校園記事》書寫則是以「地」為框架，書寫青年學生如何投入臺灣、中國、日本等地的學潮，並藉由各地的書寫，一反過去以臺北為中心的二二八敘事。 本文透過四本書的分析，指出二二八書寫的新方向，如何跳脫過往的創傷、悲情、受難者敘事，而有新的思考方向。並以此期待未來能有更多元面向的二二八書寫，讓二二八持續進入公眾視野之中。

In the past, owing to the 228 Incident was political taboo, 228 fictions were often written in a subtle manner, and related studies focused primarily on “traumatic writing” within these novels. With the institutionalization of Taiwan literature and historical disciplines and the establishment of national museum, an era has emerged where transitional justice efforts are advancing and political archives are declassified due to party turning. Hence, “literature and history practitioners” have more access to documents and write about the 228 Incident in “informed” perspective. Since 2010s, including National Museum of Taiwan Literature and National Museum of Taiwan History, many museums have started to “reculturative” their collections. By writing essays, the collections stored away in archives were introduced to the public. The foundation of “reculturation” lies in extensive historical researches. The process of declassification in Taiwan gives literature and history practitioners after 2019 more access to archives, and have opportunity of writing “historical narrative non-fictions”. In 2019, Memorial Foundation of 228 published “After 1947: Memoirs of 228 (Non) Daily Lives”, which focuses on “individual” and shifting their portrayal from 228 “victims” to “activists”, depicting how they held onto their beliefs and took action during the historical events. At the same time, the book presents the different personalities of the person whom the authors wrote by referring other archives. In 2021, the publication of Memorial Foundation “Whisper of Relics: the Stories Behind 228 Related Objects” and of “Gong Sheng Music Commemoration” “bōo în hūn tsú” both emphasize “object” as keyword in their writing. In these two books, readers can find objects possess their own agency, shaping relationships with people and create historical event. On the other way, authors of “bōo în hūn tsú” wrote 228 Incident in public literature way instead of serious literature, which emphasizes “reality”. In 2022, another publication of Memorial Foundation of 228 “Youth in Revolt: 228 Incident on Campus” uses "place" as its framework, discussing how young students led student movement in Taiwan, China and Japan. Through these diverse writings, it challenges the Taipei-centric narratives of the past concerning the 228 Incident. By analyzing these four books, this article points out the new directions of 228 writing, aiming to move beyond past narratives focused on grief, trauma and victims. It explores a new way to rethink how to discuss the incident. This article looks forward to a more diverse approach to 228 writing and keep the incident in the public eye through varied and nuanced portrayals.