無戶籍國民身分狀態對國人海外出生子女的影響

Abstract

戶籍作為家戶調查工具，基於地緣政治與歷史的發展，我國戶籍包含了權利義務的行使，不具有戶籍之國民稱為無戶籍國民。無戶籍國民並不被多數人所知，本研究以無戶籍國民中的海外出生子女為研究對象，嘗試了解海外出生子女因制度直接或間接而經歷的情形及所生的影響。本研究以滾雪球法找到14位海外出生子女，包含10位成年前長期居住臺灣和4位海外出生的參與者。透過深入訪談方式探詢海外出生者海外出生因素、戶籍與公民身分因素、制度因素。將訪談所得結果歸納分析，以求了解無戶籍國民制度對於海外出生子女的影響，以及為何在成年後才成為有戶籍國民或是維持無戶籍國民的身分狀態。 本研究主要發現有三：第一，無戶籍國民身分狀態對於海外出生子女在生活、對待方面產生影響，小至個人資料填寫不被系統所接受、生活上受阻，中至行政上的刁難、歧視，大到校園霸凌乃至家庭失和。在申請各種文件與證件的過程中也產生諸多困難，進而直接或間接影響到其入戶籍。第二，戶籍雖作為家戶調查制度，但卻是我國實質上的公民身分。戶籍的不備使得生活不便、工作機會喪失、政府機關的對待方式都有所落差，使得無戶籍國民在我國被當作次等國民對待。第三，由於資訊取得的不足，使海外出生子女缺乏對自身無戶籍國民身分狀態的認識，進而影響至居留、定居與設定戶籍。其中，資訊的缺乏是影響海外出生子女不能受到合理對待最主要的因素。 本研究為能求受訪者真實的感受及想法，採用滾雪球抽樣法，使得樣本數在代表性及推論性上有不足的問題。然而，今年入出國移民法甫經修法，使得制度產生變動，修法後之樣本數收集困難。我們選擇透過修法前的情形分析修法後的差異，並未直接比較修法前後影響的不同。期望未來能有更多個案的研究並進行修法後情形的探討，以驗證研究發現並比較修法前後之影響。本研究僅對無戶籍國民中的海外出生子女進行研究，本研究之結果是否適用其他款項的無戶籍國民或是具有相似性的香港澳門居民制度，有待後續研究進行關注。

As a household survey tool, based on the development of geopolitics and history, household registration in Taiwan includes the exercise of rights and obligations. Nationals who do not have a household registration are called Nationals without household registration. Nationals without household registration are not known to most people. This study aims to understand the circumstances and impacts of foreign-born nationals who are directly or indirectly affected by the system. In this study, 14 overseas-born nationals were identified using a snowball method, including 10 participants who lived in Taiwan for a long time before adulthood and 4 participants who lived abroad outside Taiwan before adulthood. Through in-depth interviews, we will explore the factors of overseas birth, household registration and citizenship, and institutional factors of overseas birth participants. To summarize and analyze the results of the interviews in order to understand the impact of the system of nationals without household registration on nationals born overseas, and why they become or remain the status of nationals without household registration when they reach adulthood. There are three main findings of this study: First of all, the status of non-registered nationals has an impact on the lives and treatment of nationals born overseas, ranging from the lack of acceptance of personal information by the system and the obstruction of life, to administrative difficulties and discrimination, to school bullying and even family disharmony. In the process of applying for various documents and certificates, many difficulties also arise, which directly or indirectly affect their household registration. Second, the lack of household registration has led to inconvenience, loss of job opportunities, and a gap in the way government agencies treat them. As a result, unregistered nationals are treated as inferior nationals in our country. Third, due to the lack of access to information, nationals born abroad lack awareness of their status as non-registered nationals, which in turn affects residence, settlement, and the establishment of household registration. Among them, the lack of information is the most important factor affecting the failure of nationals born abroad to be treated reasonably.