社會企業的科技創新與商業模式研究：以小驢行個案為例

Abstract

根據「國家發展委員會」統計推估，台灣2025年就會進入超高齡社會，城鄉資源差距讓青壯年被迫往都市移居，留在偏鄉的長輩將會愈來愈孤立無助。面對偏鄉人口外移和老化的問題，社會企業 --小驢行（Donkey Move）股份有限公司，以【移動服務社會(Mobility as a social service)】為願景，藉由科技創新和共享經濟的概念，盼能幫助高齡化社會對於移動服務的需求。 本研究以小驢行（Donkey Move）為例，深入探討其在台灣的發展現況，並採納Osterwalder & Pigneur(2010) 獲利商業模式圖(商業模式九宮格)加上兩項元素：（1）社會與環境成本（2）社會與環境收益之「永續商業模式圖」作為本個案研究商業模式分析的主要工具。目的是為了提供社會企業對於商業模式和科技創新的理解運用，在面對公益募款日顯嚴峻以及社會企業生存不易的挑戰中，透過資訊科技的幫助和商業模式創新，能善加運用各項資源，保持永續發展的能力。 本研究發現小驢行的商業模式，成功吸引不同縣市政府和民間長照單位，洽談系統導入與營運合作，甚至影響了中央政策，鬆綁交通相關法規，讓在地車輛能投入偏鄉運輸服務，亦促進跨部會的資源整合，帶入更多補助以活化當地社區，達到了以科技創新帶動社會創新之目的。唯有社會企業能穩健地永續經營，才能帶來更大的社會影響力，藉由探索分析「小驢行」的商業模式和科技創新，期能對台灣社會企業發展有微薄助益，或能提供給有志投入偏鄉或弱勢族群之長照交通服務者些許參考。

National Development Council has estimated that Taiwan would become a “Super-aged society” in the year of 2025. The young and middle-aged population continues to move to cities, therefore the elders who lives in rural area will be isolated and helpless gradually. Facing the problems of out-migration and aging in the rural area, a social enterprise “Donkey Move” was established in 2018 with the vision of "Mobility as a social service" and committed to meet the needs of Taiwan’s aging society and its problem of rural transportation services. This study takes "Donkey Move" as an example to explore its status quo in Taiwan and future development, adopting Osterwalder & Pigneur's (2010) “Business model canvas” (hereafter BMC) plus two elements: 1). Social and environmental costs 2.) Social and environmental benefits. i.e The "Sustainable business model canvas" (Sustainable BMC). The purpose is to provide social enterprises with an understanding of Sustainable BMC. In the face of rapidly changing industry and the difficulty of fundraising, social enterprises, through the application of business model review, might be able to seize market opportunities and leverageing various resources for sustainable growth.

This study found that Donkey Move’s business model has successfully attracted different public sectors as well as private long-term care insitituions to adopt its “Mobility as a Social Service” (hereafter MaaSS) system, and therefore influenced central government’s policies to amend traffic-related regulations to allow local vehicle resources to participate in rural area’s transportation services legally. Additionally, Donky Move promotes cross-department resources’ integration, brings in more subsidy resources to help rural communities, as a result to achieves its goal of driving social impact through technological innovation which also proving a sustainable business model is essentional to social enterprises.Hope this case study can bring a little help for social enterprises who are interested in investing in long-term care transportation services for rural areas or disadvantaged in Taiwan.