應用於植物與動物之近紅外光與其奈米技術

Abstract

近紅外光因其能量低，於不同領域上具其優勢，根據此區間之光學特性，衍伸出多元之應用。近紅外光可來自奈米粒子之放光或是發光二極體之放光，於此博士論文中，將探討近紅外光於植物與動物之間之作用及其延伸之應用。 於促進植物生長之應用中，先以近紅外光螢光粉摻雜之中孔洞二氧化矽奈米粒子作為一光捕獲奈米螢光肥料，進行近紅外光與植物光反應途徑之探索，此奈米螢光肥料具傳統螢光粉之特性並可被紫外光與可見光激發進而放射近紅外光。此放光位置橫跨光反應中心(PSI與PSII)，可達艾默生協同效應並促進植物生長，經處理之組別其葉片較為茂盛與碩大，而鮮種增加17%，電子轉移速率增加高達100％。此奈米螢光肥料之近紅外光可同時作為生物標記訊號，進而確認此光反應作用位置於葉綠體。 為優化光反應途徑，近紅外光來源將變換為寬譜帶之紅光/近紅外光螢光粉轉化之發光二極體，此研究核心亦為艾默生協同效應，探討以不同半高寬之紅色螢光粉SrLiAl3N4:Eu2+與CaAlSiN3:Eu2+封裝於LED照明系統，於固定紅光強度下，植物生長與光量子通量密度成正相關，而光量子通量密度與半高寬亦成正相關。半高寬越寬之組別，其植株生長評估下，產量亦呈正相關。 於近紅外光應用於生物影像與治療上，寬譜帶之近紅外光量子點CuInS2/ZnS除具優異之量子效率與穩定性外，其奈米尺寸有利於微型發光二極體之封裝，增加裝置之可攜性與便利性。此量子點式微型發光二極體不僅達高功率與半高寬，其放光跨及(去氧)血紅蛋白之吸收波段，可應用於靜脈成像，凸顯此量子點應用於未來微型裝置之潛力。 為拓展近紅外光裝置之多元應用，將以非侵入式之光生物調節治療，應用於腦部疾病上，此包含阿茲海默症與腦中風。細胞色素氧化還原酶為粒線體中可有效吸收近紅外光能量之光感受器，此研究選定特定波長之發光二極體，藉其活化腦中線粒體，不僅提供一治療腦部疾病之非侵入性策略，更強調近紅外光裝置之光生物調節療法於臨床應用中之潛力。

The near-infrared (NIR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum, owing to its low energy, offers distinct advantages across various domains. Exploiting the optical properties of this wavelength range, diverse applications have emerged. NIR light can originate from either the fluorescence of nanoparticles or light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In this doctoral thesis, the interactions and extended applications of NIR light between plants and animals will be explored. In the context of promoting plant growth, the use of NIR fluorescent nanoparticles doped into mesoporous silica nanoparticles as a light-capturing nanofertilizer will be investigated. This nanofertilizer exhibits traditional fluorescent properties and can be excited by ultraviolet and visible light, resulting in the emission of NIR light. The emitted light spans the photosynthetic centers (PSI and PSII), invoking the Emerson effect and promoting plant growth. Lusher and larger leaves, along with a 17% increase in fresh yield and a 100% increase in electron transfer rates, are observed in the treated groups. Furthermore, the NIR light emitted by this nanofertilizer can serve as a biological marker, confirming its location within chloroplasts. To optimize the light reaction pathway, the NIR light source will be transitioned to broadband red light/NIR fluorescent powder-converted LEDs. The core of this study will also revolve around the Emerson effect. The use of different red fluorescent powders, such as SrLiAl3N4:Eu2+ and CaAlSiN3:Eu2+, encapsulated in LED lighting systems will be explored. Under fixed red light intensity, plant growth is positively correlated with light quantum flux density, which, in turn, is positively correlated with the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the red fluorescence powders. Groups with wider FWHM values exhibit higher plant yields. In the application of NIR light in biological imaging and therapy, wide-spectrum NIR quantum dots CuInS2/ZnS will be utilized due to their outstanding quantum efficiency and stability. Their nanoscale size allows them to be packaged into mini-LEDs, increasing portability and convenience. These quantum-dot-based mini-LEDs not only achieve high power and broad FWHM but also emit light across the (deoxy)hemoglobin absorption bands, enabling their use in vein imaging and highlighting their potential in future miniaturized devices. To expand the diverse applications of NIR light devices, non-invasive photobiomodulation therapy for brain diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and stroke, will be explored. Cytochrome C oxidase (CCO) is a light receptor in mitochondria, efficiently absorbing NIR light energy. Specific wavelength LEDs will be selected to activate brain mitochondria, providing a non-invasive strategy for treating brain diseases. This emphasizes the potential of NIR light devices in clinical applications.