從供應鏈韌性之角度分析半導體材料通路商的經營策略

Abstract

半導體產業是當今世界上最具影響力和重要性的行業之一，其對人類社會的影響深遠而多樣化。這種影響不僅體現在科技革命和經濟發展方面，還涉及到生活方式的變革和社會結構的重塑。再者，由於全球半導體產業發展與台灣政府政策影響，半導體產業對於台灣的經濟發展的重要性更是不言可喻。 然而，近來各種國際事件對供應鏈產生了深遠的影響，並引起了全球性的關切。其中，諸如COVID-19大流行、地緣政治緊張局勢、國際戰爭和氣候異常變化等事件都對供應鏈造成了巨大的衝擊。 從不同的就發現，一個具有高度韌性的供應鏈能有效因應突發事件，如自然災害、疫情或地緣政治變動，能夠減少生產中斷和損失。同時，提高供應鏈韌性有助於降低風險，強化企業的持續經營能力，並獲得客戶信任。同時，靈活的供應鏈設計、多元化的供應商選擇、即時的風險管理和訊息共享是提升供應鏈韌性的關鍵因素。在變動不居的商業環境中，供應鏈韌性是企業成功的保障，能夠應對挑戰、把握機會，確保持續的生產和供應，維護競爭優勢。 本研究發現，供應鏈議題普遍存在，且強化供應鏈韌性對企業成功至關重要。在供應鏈韌性韌性5R特質裡，以「備載能力」和「耐受能力」最為關鍵。此外，本研究亦顯示，供應鏈韌性各特質對應的策略意涵可用來強化韌性能力，降低中斷風險，再者，從策略意涵所延伸的具體作為，包含「健全風險管理機制與計畫、技術創新與數據分析、預測與監控、良好且具彈性的庫存管理、上游供應鏈管理與稽核及建立彈性結構和流程」等可同步提升多個韌性特質。 材料通路商身為產業供應鏈的一份子，在維繫供應鏈穩定性與韌性，亦扮演著其關鍵性的角色。若能融入與強化供應鏈韌性的特質於營運策略之中，一方面可以協助材料通路商透過其在供應鏈韌性上的實際作為來強化客戶的忠誠度和滿意度以強化自身的地位；另一方面亦可以通過加強與原廠的關係（如形成合資企業）來穩固代理權，達到永續經營的目的。

The semiconductor industry is one of the most influential and important industries in the world today, with profound and diverse impacts on human society. Its influence extends not only to technological revolutions and economic development but also to changes in lifestyles and reshaping of social structures. Furthermore, due to the development of the global semiconductor industry and its impact on Taiwan's economic development, the importance of the semiconductor industry to Taiwan's economy is self-evident. However, recent international events have had far-reaching impacts on the supply chain and have raised global concerns. Events such as the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical tensions, international conflicts, and climate change have all had significant impacts on the supply chain. A highly resilient supply chain can effectively respond to unforeseen events such as natural disasters, pandemics, or geopolitical changes, reducing production disruptions and losses. Additionally, supply chain resilience helps to reduce risks, improve a company's ability to sustainably operate, and maintain customer trust. Flexible supply chain design, diversified supplier selection, real-time risk management, and information sharing are key factors in enhancing supply chain resilience. In the ever-changing business environment, supply chain resilience is essential for business success, enabling companies to address challenges, seize opportunities, ensure continuous production and supply, and maintain competitive advantages. This study finds that supply chain issues are widespread, and enhancing supply chain resilience is crucial for business success. Among the 5 resilience factors, "Robustness" and "Redundancy" are more important. Furthermore, this research demonstrates that the strategic implications corresponding to each resilience factor can be leveraged to strengthen resilience capabilities and mitigate disruption risks. Additionally, the specific actions stemming from these strategic implications, including robust risk management mechanisms and plans, technological innovation and data analysis, forecasting and monitoring, adaptable inventory management, upstream supply chain governance and auditing, as well as establishing flexible structures and processes, can collectively enhance multiple resilience factors. As integral parts of the industry supply chain, semiconductor materials distributors play a crucial role in maintaining supply chain stability and resilience. By incorporating and strengthening the characteristics of supply chain resilience, semiconductor materials distributors can strengthen their positions by enhancing customer loyalty and satisfaction through their practical actions in supply chain resilience. Additionally, they can solidify their agency rights by strengthening relationships with the materials manufactures, such as forming joint ventures for local production, to achieve sustainable business operations.