政府與親友之援助對莫拉克受災戶的心理健康影響

Abstract

由於臺灣位於颱風好發的地帶，隨著氣候變遷加劇，預期未來的颱風數量雖然減少，但是強度增強，而臺灣國土脆弱，且山區開發過甚，使得一但有劇烈颱風侵襲，即會導致嚴重災害產生，而過往研究指出每當災害發生過後，受災戶的心理健康將會受到嚴重負面影響，但是針對協助受災戶恢復心理健康方式的研究多聚焦於社會支持的部分，對於受災戶在災後收到政府或親友給予的金錢援助是否能使心理狀況恢復的著墨較少，因此本研究透過工具變數計量模型進行實證分析。本研究使用國家災害防救科技中心針對莫拉克颱風受災戶災後復原調查資料進行分析，發現當政府和親友在災後給予受災戶金錢援助，確實能對受災戶的心理健康狀況帶來正面且顯著的影響，增加與親友一周見面次數同樣也能提升受災戶心理健康，且效過更甚於金錢援助。而若將樣本以不同地區拆分進行分析後，本文發現在受災程度嚴重的南部地區，不管是政府或親友金援，還是親友探訪都有顯著的正面影響，而在受創相對沒那麼嚴重的非南部地區，這幾個主要解釋變數的影響都不顯著。另外若將樣本以受災戶月收入進行分群，本文發現對於低收入與中收入，政府給予金錢援助能夠顯著並有效地為他們的心理健康帶來正面影響，但若是中高收入與高收入家戶，政府給予金錢援助反而無法顯著有效提升他們的心理健康狀況。

Taiwan locates in a typhoon-prone area. The intensifying effects of climate change, future typhoons are expected to decrease in number but increase in intensity. Taiwan's fragile landscape and extensive mountain development mean that severe typhoons can cause significant disasters. Past studies indicate that such events severely impact the mental health of affected households. However, research has primarily focused on social support rather than the effect of financial aid from the government or relatives on psychological recovery. The analysis shows that financial aid from the government and relatives positively and significantly improves the psychological health of disaster victims. Increased weekly meetings with relatives also enhance mental health, even more so than financial aid. Regional analysis reveals that in severely affected southern Taiwan, both financial aid and visits from relatives have significant positive effects. In less affected areas, these variables are not significant. Furthermore, for low- and middle-income households, government financial aid significantly improves mental health, but this effect is not observed in higher-income households.