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標題: | 臺灣八種藤本植物與光相關的葉生理生態性狀 Leaf ecophysiological traits related to light of eight climbing plants in Taiwan |
作者: | 姚尹舜 Yin-Sun Yao |
指導教授: | 高文媛 Wen-Yuan Kao |
共同指導教授: | 澤大衛 David Zelený |
關鍵字: | 葉綠素螢光,共園實驗,葉功能性狀,木質藤本,光環境需求,彈性,光合作用, chlorophyll fluorescence,common garden experiment,leaf functional traits,liana,light requirement,plasticity,photosynthesis, |
出版年 : | 2024 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 藤本植物影響樹木生長,並且影響森林動態,為森林重要的功能群。多年生直立木本植物因其成熟個體多接受全光照,相較之下光環境對林下小苗的建立和更新尤為重要。前人研究顯示不同種藤本植物會分布在多元的光環境且藤本植物在森林中的分布深受光環境的影響,但有關藤本植物小苗如何用不同的葉片特性存活於不同光環境之相關功能生態學研究仍少。因此,本研究探討以下三個問題:(1)藤本植物是否有不同的光環境需求?(2)藤本植物的光環境需求和小苗光環境分布範圍的關係為何?(3)藤本植物的光環境需求和其小苗葉片的(a)生理生態性狀(b)性狀之彈性關係為何?為了探討這些問題,本研究在北台灣的常綠闊葉林沿著光環境梯度進行野外調查以量化不同藤本植物物種的光環境需求和分布範圍,接著將八種具有不同光環境需求的藤本植物種植在模擬林下的光環境下,並測量其功能性狀和計算其彈性。本研究檢驗以下假說:(1)藤本植物有不同的光環境需求(2)光環境需求較高的物種其小苗分布範圍較廣(3)光環境需求較高的藤本植物小苗擁有(a)和光環境需求較高的多年生直立木本植物小苗相同的葉片性狀,且(b)性狀的適應性彈性較大、非適應性彈性較小。研究結果顯示,在選擇的八個物種中,藤本植物的確有不同的光環境需求,光環境需求較高的物種其光環境分布範圍也較廣;光合作用相關的性狀數值,包括部分氣體交換和葉綠素螢光的測值能解釋物種的光環境需求。光環境需求較高的物種,其最大光合作用效率、暗呼吸率、光照下的光系統II效率(Fv’/Fm’)較高,光照下的非光化學消散較低(NPQ),這些趨勢與多年生直立木本植物的小苗相同。宿存葉片暴露在較高光照下時其黎明前光系統II潛在效率的動態變化結果並無法解釋物種的光環境偏好,但若將黃藤排除在分析外,則光環境需求較高的物種當暴露在較高光照下時其黎明前光系統II潛在效率(predawn Fv/Fm)下降較少,此趨勢與多年生直立木本植物小苗相同,而黃藤與其他物種不同的原因可能和其攀爬方式有關,其葉子同時具有攀爬的功能,葉子的老化將導致其脫離被攀爬的宿主,此更換新葉的限制可能導致其宿存葉片需要有較強適應環境的能力;某些功能性狀的彈性,包括Fv’/Fm’、 NPQ、葉厚度以及葉綠素b含量的改變量能夠解釋物種的光環境偏好,這些趨勢與前人文獻比較後可以解釋為偏好高光的物種有較大的適應性彈性和較小的非適應性彈性。總結上述,藤本植物之小苗應與多年生直立木本植物小苗使用相似的策略以存活於不同的光環境。然而,本研究的物種仍少,需要研究更多物種以確認此推論。 Climbing plant is an important functional group that influences tree growth and forest dynamics. For perennial woody free-standing plants (called trees afterward), because most of the individuals receive high light intensity when mature, light environment is more important in the seedling stage. Previous studies show that climbing plant is a diverse group with different distributions along the light gradient and light is one of the most important environmental factors influencing climbing plant species’ distribution. However, how seedlings of climbing plant species possess different leaf traits and plasticity of leaf traits to survive in different light environments is largely unknown. Hence, this study asks three questions: (1) Do climbing plant species have different light requirements? (2) What is the relationship between species’ light requirements and their seedlings’ distribution range along the light gradient? (3) What are the relationships between climbing plant species’ light requirements and their seedlings’ (a) leaf ecophysiological traits and (b) plasticity of the leaf traits? To answer these questions, this study investigated the distribution of seedlings of climbing plant species along the light gradient under evergreen forests in Northern Taiwan to quantify species’ light requirements and distribution ranges along the light gradient. Then, seedlings of eight species with different light requirements were transplanted into a shade house with a similar light environment in the forest understory and their traits and plasticity of traits were measured. I tested the following hypotheses: (1) Climbing plants do have different light requirements. (2) Species with high light requirements have wider seedling distribution ranges along the light gradient. (3) Seedlings of climbing plant species with high light requirements possess (a) similar leaf traits found in seedlings of tree species with high light requirements and (b) they have more adaptive plasticity and less non-adaptive plasticity of leaf traits. Results show that within the eight studied species, climbing plant species do have different light requirements. Species with high light requirements do have wider distribution ranges along the light gradient. Photosynthetic traits, including gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, can explain species’ light requirements. Species with high light requirements have higher maximum photosynthesis rate, dark respiration rate, quantum efficiency of PSII under actinic light (Fv’/Fm’), and have lower Non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). These results show the same trends with seedlings of tree species. However, dynamic of the change in predawn potential quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) of the existing leaves after exposure to increased light intensity can not explain species’ light requirements unless data of Calamus formosanus were excluded. After doing so, species with high light requirements decrease less predawn Fv/Fm after exposure to increased light intensity and align with the pattern found in seedlings of tree species. The reason that Calamus formosanus is an outlier might be related to its distinct climbing mechanism. Its leaf also serves as a climbing organ. The senescence of the leaf would also cause its detachment from the host. The limitation of replacing leaves might result in better adaptability of the existing leaf. The plasticity of Fv’/Fm’, NPQ, leaf thickness, and chlorophyll b content can explain the species' light requirements. Compared with previous studies, these trends can be explained as species with high light requirements have more adaptive plasticity and less non-adaptive plasticity. Overall, the results show that seedlings of climbing plant species have similar strategies to survive in different light environments as seedlings of tree species. However, the species number of this study is limited and studies with more species are needed to confirm this pattern. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/92765 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202401034 |
全文授權: | 同意授權(全球公開) |
顯示於系所單位: | 生態學與演化生物學研究所 |
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