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標題: | 理解革命:中國蘇維埃的革命理論和隱喻 Realizing Revolution: Revolutionary Theory and Metaphors of the Chinese Soviet |
作者: | 張哲叡 Zhe-Ruei Chang |
指導教授: | 王遠義 Yuan-Yi Wang |
關鍵字: | 十月革命,蘇維埃政權,中國蘇維埃,共產國際,中國共產黨, October Revolution,Soviet,Chinese Soviet,Communist International,Chinese Communist Party, |
出版年 : | 2024 |
學位: | 碩士 |
摘要: | 1927年國共第一次合作破裂以後,中共陸續在各地成立蘇維埃政權,企圖推翻國民黨的統治。其中,率先建立蘇維埃的地方卻是偏遠的海陸豐農村地區,隨後廣州暴動後成立了廣州蘇維埃,才成為中國革命正式進入蘇維埃階段的標誌。
在此之前,建立中國蘇維埃的任務,因國共合作而擱置。直到國共分裂前夕,中國是否應成立蘇維埃的問題,首先成為史達林與托洛茨基兩派論戰的焦點。論戰的核心要旨涉及中國革命的階段和動力,顯示出共產黨人對於蘇維埃政權相異的評價,同時也反映了對於中國革命性質不同的理解和估計。 這場論戰雖以史達林在政治上的勝利告終,但在中國建立蘇維埃政權的實踐裡,中共黨人透過俄國革命的經驗和階段,諸如俄國1905年和1917年的比喻,來理解中國革命道路時,有關蘇維埃政權的理解和中國革命性質、階段等問題上仍有差異。其中,較為顯著者導致了中共與陳獨秀等人的分裂;比較細微的則如王明和毛澤東最初對中國革命階段與性質的估計。 總體而言,關於中國蘇維埃理論的分歧,反映了俄國十月革命以來,自共產國際二次大會確立了援助東方革命的政策以後,西方的社會主義革命理論應用在「落後」的東方社會時,在革命道路上出現的矛盾和模糊之處。中國革命的實踐者也無可避免的遭遇如此複雜的革命問題,其中馬克思和巴枯寧有關革命原動力的爭論、史達林和托洛茨基關於蘇維埃政權性質的相異的觀點,這些革命衍生的諸多矛盾和衝突,也在中國革命的道路上一再重現。 本文嘗試闡述關於東方,尤其是中國蘇維埃的理論分歧,以及共產黨人如何通過俄國先例的經驗,理解當時中國革命的性質、階段和動力等問題。同時透過上述的探討,理解國際共產主義運動中的東方革命。簡而言之,藉由革命實踐者如何理解(realizing)中國革命來理解(understanding)革命本身。 After the split between the Kuomintang (KMT) and the China Communist Party (CCP) in 1927, the CCP began to establish Soviet regimes across various regions, aiming to overthrow the KMT's rule. The first place where a Soviet was established was the remote rural area of Haifeng and Lufeng, followed by the establishment of the Guangzhou Soviet after the Guangzhou Uprising, marking the official entry of the Chinese revolution into the Soviet phase. However, prior to this, the task of establishing a Chinese Soviet was voluntarily set aside by the Communist due to the need for cooperation with the KMT. It was not until the eve of the complete split between the KMT and the CCP that the question of whether China should establish a Soviet became the focal point of the debate between the Stalinist and Trotskyist factions. The crux of the debate involved the stages and dynamics of the Chinese revolution, demonstrating differing evaluations of the Soviet regime among Communist and reflecting distinct understandings and estimations of the nature and stages of the Chinese revolution. Although this debate ended with Stalin's victory, in the practical establishment of the Chinese Soviet regime, CCP members still held differing understandings of the Soviet regime and the nature and stages of the Chinese revolution, drawing on experiences and stages of the Russian revolution, such as analogies to the Russian Revolutions of 1905 and 1917. This led to significant schisms within the CCP, such as the split with Chen Duxiu(陳獨秀), as well as more subtle differences in estimations of the stages of the Chinese revolution among figures like Wang Ming(王明)and Mao Zedong(毛澤東). Overall, the theoretical divergences regarding the Chinese Soviet reflect the contradictions and ambiguities that arose in the revolutionary path when applying Western socialist revolutionary theories to "backward" Eastern societies, following the establishment of the policy of supporting Eastern revolutions by the Communist International since its Second Congress. Practitioners of the Chinese revolution inevitably encountered such complex revolutionary issues, including debates about the revolutionary driving forces between Marx and Bakunin, and differing views on the nature of the Soviet regime between Stalin and Trotsky. These conflicts and contradictions, derived from revolutionary endeavors, recurred repeatedly on the path of the Chinese revolution. This paper attempts to elucidate the theoretical divergences regarding the Eastern, particularly Chinese, Soviets, and how the Communist understood the nature, stages, and dynamics of the Chinese revolution through experiences drawn from Russian precedents. Through this exploration, it seeks to understand the Eastern revolutions within the international communist movement. In short, it aims to understand revolution through how revolutionaries realize it. |
URI: | http://tdr.lib.ntu.edu.tw/jspui/handle/123456789/92758 |
DOI: | 10.6342/NTU202401042 |
全文授權: | 同意授權(限校園內公開) |
顯示於系所單位: | 歷史學系 |
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